Class 1 Flashcards
What are the 5 key principles of patient centred care, as outlined in International Alliance of Patients’ Organisations (IaPO) Declaration
- Choice and empowerment
- Patient involvement
- Access and support
- Information
- Respect
What is the difference between incidence and prevalence
Incidence - number of new cases of a disease in a population in a specified period of time
Prevalence - the number of people in a population with a specific disease at a single point in time or in a defined period of time for existing cases
What are incidence and prevalence useful for
Incidence - useful for identifying cause of disease and planning for the future
Prevalence - less useful in studying cause bit is useful for assessing the current workload of the health service as it tells about the amount of disease in a population
What is vulnerability
An individual’s capability to resists disease, repair damage and restore physiological homeostasis.
Can be used in terms of organs e.g. the liver repairs well but the brain does not
Give examples of the burdens of treatment
- Changing behaviour and policing the behaviour of others in order to adhere to recommended lifestyle modifications
- Monitoring/management of symptoms at home e/g/ data collection/inputting etc.
- Adherence to complex treatment regimens and coordinating multiple drugs can also contribute to the burden of treatment
- Complex administration systems
- Coping with uncoordinated health and social care systems
Define “biographical disruption”
A long-term condition leads to a loss of confidence in the body. This then leads to a loss of confidence in social interaction or self-identity - this process is termed biographical disruption.
Give an example of a long-term condition which is visible, invisible then both invisible and visible
Visible - paraplegia
Invisible - diabetes
Both - MS
Explain how a long-term condition may affect the patient and the patient’s family
The patient: can be negative or positive, denial, self-pity, apathy
Family: financial, emotional, physical, other family members may become ill as a result
Give the dictionary and legal definition of disability
Dictionary - lacking in one or more physical powers such as the ability to walk or coordinate one’s movements
Legal - Disability Discrimination Act - A difficulty can be physical, sensory or mental. A disability that makes it difficult for them to carry out normal day to day activities, ongoing for more than 12 months.
What are the 3 parts of the WHO definition of disability
Body and structure impairment - abnormalities of structure, organ or system function (organ level)
Activity limitation - Changed functional performance and activity by the individual (personal level)
Participation restrictions: disadvantage by the individual as a result of impairments and disabilities (interactions at a social and environmental level)
Give examples of how the WHO definitions can apply to a boy with cerebral palsy
Damage to motor area of brain Damage to cognitive area of the brain Limited mobility Learning difficulty Exclusion or difficulty participating in certain activities e.g. riding bike, certain sports
What might be the effect of a disabled child on their parents
- Mother and/or father may not be able to combine work with demands fo caring for disabled child - financial implications for family
- Guilt for passed on the causative gene if genetic disorder
- Psychological strain
- Caring for disabled child may be detrimental to parent’s physical health
- Some parents may have difficulty bonding with disabled child
- Some parents may form a particularly strong bond
- Marital problems
- Increased risk of child abuse
- Over-protection of disabled child
- may become a strong advocate for their child
What might be the effect of a disabled child on their siblings
Resentment at time parents spend caring for disabled child
resentment at restrictions to normal family life
May have to develop carer role
Grow up with greater understanding of disability
What might be the effect of a disabled child on their peers
May “look out” for disabled child
Friend may be stigmatised along with disabled child
May grow up with greater understanding of disability
May need to adapt activities to include disabled friend
teasing by other peers
What might be the effect of a disabled child on their teachers
May have lack of understanding of disability/lack of training
May have tendency to over-protect disabled child
May be lack of willingness to integrate in mainstream activities
May be additional challenges in personalising education for disabled child
Stress of managing both mainstream and additional support needs pupil in the same class
