Class 1 Flashcards
Name the vertical and horizontal lines to make the quadrants of the abdomen
Transumbilical - horizontal
Midsaggital / medial - vertical
Name the vertical and horizontal lines to make the 9 regions of the abdomen and their vertebral levels for the transverse
Transpyloric - L1
Transtubercular - L5
Left and right midclaviculars
Name 3 structures in the top 6 regions of the abdomen and the 2 structures in the lower 3.
RH - Liver, Gall Bladder, R kidney
LH - Spleen, Pancreas, Stomach
Epigastric - Stomach, Pancreas Liver
RL - Liver, kidney, S. Intestine
LL - kidney, descending colon, s.intestine
Umbilicus - 3 types of s.intestine
RI - Caecum, appendix
LI - Sigmoid and descending colons
Hypogastric - Sigmoid bladder
Name the 5 muscles of the anterior abdominal wall.
How many are flat and how many are vertical?
External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transversus Abdominus
Rectus Abdomens
Pyramidalis
Function of the 3 flat abdominal wall muscles
Compression and support of abdominal viscera.
Anterior and lateral flexion of the trunk.
Innervation of the 3 flat muscles
Anterior / Ventral rami T7-T11
L1 nerve
Function of the vertical muscles
R.A = flexion trunk, compression of abdominal viscera, stabilises and controls tilt of hip.
Py = tenses the linea alba.
Innervation of the rectus abdominus muscle
Thoracic-abdominal + Subcostal nerve T7-T12 spinal nerves
Innervation of pyramidalus muscle
anterior portion of T12
Where does the rectus abdominal muscles lie in relation to the flat muscular aponeurosis above the umbilicus in C/S.
Between the 2nd aponeurotic sheet
Where does the rectus abdominal muscles lie in relation to the flat muscular aponeurosis below the umbilicus in C/S.
Behind all three layers
Vertebral level of umbilicus
L3-L4
Dermatome level of umbilicus
T10
Attachments of inguinal ligament
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
Pubic tubercle
What is the inguinal ligament an extension of?
External oblique muscle
What forms the roof of the inguinal canal
transversals fascia, transversalis abdominis, internal oblique
What forms the floor of the inguinal canal
Inguinal ligament + Lacunar Ligament
What forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal
external oblique (+ internal oblique for support)
What forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal
Transversalis Fascia
Contents of a male inguinal canal
Spermatic cord (containing ductus defers)
Contents of a female inguinal canal
Round ligament of the uterus
Main arterial supply of the anterior abdominal wall is by which vessels
Superior and inferior epigastric vessels
What is the superior epigastric vessel a branch of?
Internal Thoracic artery
What is the Inferior Epigastric vessel a branch of?
External iliac artery
Where does the superficial lymph drain to if above the umbilicus
Axially lymph nodes
Where does superficial lymph drain to below the umbilicus
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Where does deep lymph drain to
Lymph nodes accompanying main veins e.g. common iliac.
Name the two main subdivisions of the peritoneal cavity
Greater sac and lesser sac (omental bursa)
Through which passage do these sacs communicate
Epiploic Foramen / Omental foramen
Name 3 retroperitoneal structures other than the renal system
Duodenum - except 1st part
Pancreas - except tail
Aorta / IVC
What layer of the peritoneum is most sensitive to cold heat etc
Parietal
Greater omentum connects which part of the stomach to what structures
The greater curvature of the stomach to the following
diaphragm, spleen, transverse colon.
Lesser momentum connects which part of the stomach to what structure
Lesser curvature of the spleen to the liver.
Subdivisions of the greater sac is….
… supra colic and infra colic
Communication between the two compartments of the greater sac occurs between the….
Paracolic gutters
Main three muscles on the abdominal back
Psoas Major, Ilacus, Quadratus Lumborum
Nerves found on the posterior abdominal cavity is….
Sympathetic chain
Lumbar Plexus
Name three nerves of the lumbar plexus working outside in
Femoral -> genitofemoral -> obturator
Three main openings of the diaphragm inside out and vertebral levels are….
T8 - IVC - Middle
T10 - oesophagus - half way
T12 - aorta - edge
3 branches of the abdominal aorta that supplies the gut tube and vertebral level they emerge
Coeliac (T12)
SMA (L1)
IMA (L3)
3 main branches of coeliac trunk
left gastric
splenic
common hepatic
Level of abdominal aorta bifurcating
L4
Name the 4 main veins of the abdominal organs and where these 4 veins drain into
SMV
IMV
Gastric vein
Splenic Vein
Drain to the hepatic portal vein
Name some porto-systemic anastamoses and if they were to become dilated would form what pathology
Distal oesophageal veins = oesophageal varices
Inferior and middle rectal veins = haemorrhoids
