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Abdominal Anatomy > Class 1 > Flashcards

Class 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the vertical and horizontal lines to make the quadrants of the abdomen

A

Transumbilical - horizontal

Midsaggital / medial - vertical

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2
Q

Name the vertical and horizontal lines to make the 9 regions of the abdomen and their vertebral levels for the transverse

A

Transpyloric - L1
Transtubercular - L5

Left and right midclaviculars

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3
Q

Name 3 structures in the top 6 regions of the abdomen and the 2 structures in the lower 3.

A

RH - Liver, Gall Bladder, R kidney
LH - Spleen, Pancreas, Stomach
Epigastric - Stomach, Pancreas Liver

RL - Liver, kidney, S. Intestine
LL - kidney, descending colon, s.intestine
Umbilicus - 3 types of s.intestine

RI - Caecum, appendix
LI - Sigmoid and descending colons
Hypogastric - Sigmoid bladder

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4
Q

Name the 5 muscles of the anterior abdominal wall.

How many are flat and how many are vertical?

A

External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transversus Abdominus

Rectus Abdomens
Pyramidalis

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5
Q

Function of the 3 flat abdominal wall muscles

A

Compression and support of abdominal viscera.

Anterior and lateral flexion of the trunk.

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6
Q

Innervation of the 3 flat muscles

A

Anterior / Ventral rami T7-T11

L1 nerve

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7
Q

Function of the vertical muscles

A

R.A = flexion trunk, compression of abdominal viscera, stabilises and controls tilt of hip.

Py = tenses the linea alba.

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8
Q

Innervation of the rectus abdominus muscle

A

Thoracic-abdominal + Subcostal nerve T7-T12 spinal nerves

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9
Q

Innervation of pyramidalus muscle

A

anterior portion of T12

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10
Q

Where does the rectus abdominal muscles lie in relation to the flat muscular aponeurosis above the umbilicus in C/S.

A

Between the 2nd aponeurotic sheet

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11
Q

Where does the rectus abdominal muscles lie in relation to the flat muscular aponeurosis below the umbilicus in C/S.

A

Behind all three layers

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12
Q

Vertebral level of umbilicus

A

L3-L4

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13
Q

Dermatome level of umbilicus

A

T10

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14
Q

Attachments of inguinal ligament

A

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

Pubic tubercle

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15
Q

What is the inguinal ligament an extension of?

A

External oblique muscle

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16
Q

What forms the roof of the inguinal canal

A

transversals fascia, transversalis abdominis, internal oblique

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17
Q

What forms the floor of the inguinal canal

A

Inguinal ligament + Lacunar Ligament

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18
Q

What forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal

A

external oblique (+ internal oblique for support)

19
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal

A

Transversalis Fascia

20
Q

Contents of a male inguinal canal

A

Spermatic cord (containing ductus defers)

21
Q

Contents of a female inguinal canal

A

Round ligament of the uterus

22
Q

Main arterial supply of the anterior abdominal wall is by which vessels

A

Superior and inferior epigastric vessels

23
Q

What is the superior epigastric vessel a branch of?

A

Internal Thoracic artery

24
Q

What is the Inferior Epigastric vessel a branch of?

A

External iliac artery

25
Q

Where does the superficial lymph drain to if above the umbilicus

A

Axially lymph nodes

26
Q

Where does superficial lymph drain to below the umbilicus

A

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

27
Q

Where does deep lymph drain to

A

Lymph nodes accompanying main veins e.g. common iliac.

28
Q

Name the two main subdivisions of the peritoneal cavity

A

Greater sac and lesser sac (omental bursa)

29
Q

Through which passage do these sacs communicate

A

Epiploic Foramen / Omental foramen

30
Q

Name 3 retroperitoneal structures other than the renal system

A

Duodenum - except 1st part
Pancreas - except tail
Aorta / IVC

31
Q

What layer of the peritoneum is most sensitive to cold heat etc

A

Parietal

32
Q

Greater omentum connects which part of the stomach to what structures

A

The greater curvature of the stomach to the following

diaphragm, spleen, transverse colon.

33
Q

Lesser momentum connects which part of the stomach to what structure

A

Lesser curvature of the spleen to the liver.

34
Q

Subdivisions of the greater sac is….

A

… supra colic and infra colic

35
Q

Communication between the two compartments of the greater sac occurs between the….

A

Paracolic gutters

36
Q

Main three muscles on the abdominal back

A

Psoas Major, Ilacus, Quadratus Lumborum

37
Q

Nerves found on the posterior abdominal cavity is….

A

Sympathetic chain

Lumbar Plexus

38
Q

Name three nerves of the lumbar plexus working outside in

A

Femoral -> genitofemoral -> obturator

39
Q

Three main openings of the diaphragm inside out and vertebral levels are….

A

T8 - IVC - Middle
T10 - oesophagus - half way
T12 - aorta - edge

40
Q

3 branches of the abdominal aorta that supplies the gut tube and vertebral level they emerge

A

Coeliac (T12)
SMA (L1)
IMA (L3)

41
Q

3 main branches of coeliac trunk

A

left gastric
splenic
common hepatic

42
Q

Level of abdominal aorta bifurcating

A

L4

43
Q

Name the 4 main veins of the abdominal organs and where these 4 veins drain into

A

SMV
IMV
Gastric vein
Splenic Vein

Drain to the hepatic portal vein

44
Q

Name some porto-systemic anastamoses and if they were to become dilated would form what pathology

A

Distal oesophageal veins = oesophageal varices

Inferior and middle rectal veins = haemorrhoids

Abdominal Anatomy (1 decks)

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