Class 1

Question 1

What is stuttering

Answer 1

• a disorder of neuromotor control
• emerges in children with vulnerable speech production systems when language demands increase
• congenital, or from TBI

Question 2

Stuttering Criteria

Answer 2

Frequency: more than 10% dysfluency in all speech
Duration: last about 1 sec per dysfluency

Question 3

Onset

Answer 3

Could begin as: 
- gradual increase in typical dysfluencies
- sudden appearance of severe blocks
Ages 2-3.5 
70-80% will grow out of it

Question 4

Factors effecting spontaneous recovery (good)

Answer 4

• righties
• non-directive mother, uses less complex language
• lower speech rate, more mature speech systems

Question 5

Factors effecting spontaneous recovery (bad)

Answer 5

• family Hx of stuttering
• males
• persists past one year post onset
• multiple unit repetitions
• prolongations and blocks
• below normal phono skills

Question 6

Boys vs. Girls

Answer 6

• even ratio at onset
• girls recover earlier/faster than boys
• boys

Question 7

Fluency Induced Conditions

Answer 7

• alone, relaxed
• to animal or baby
• in unison
• with rhythm, when singing

Question 8

Normal Dysfluencies - 2-5

Answer 8

• part word reps, single syllable reps, multi syllable
• phase reps
• interjections
• revisoins/incomplete phrases
• prolongations
• tense pauses
• no more that 10 per 100 words
• normally unaware

Question 9

Preschool Children - Borderline Stuttering (2-3.5)

Answer 9

• more than 10 dys per 100 words
• often more than 2 units per repetition
• more reps and prolongations than revisions
• loose and relaxed
• child doesn’t react

Question 10

Older Preschool - Beginning Stuttering (3.5-6)

Answer 10

• muscle tension
• pitch rise at end of prolongation or reps
• fixed artic postures sometimes evident due to tension
• escape behaviours, eye blinks, tense holds, ums
• becoming aware

Question 11

School Age - intermediate stuttering

Answer 11

• frequent blocks
• escape behaviours
• anticipates blocks, avoidance or words/situations
• fear before, embarrassment during, shame after
• stuttering doesn’t change, secondaries increase *

Question 12

Atypical Dysfluencies

Answer 12

• part word repetitions
• single syllable word reps
• blocks
• prolongation