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psych 305 > Class 1 > Flashcards

Class 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

most cells in the brain are supporting ___

A

neurons

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2
Q

neurons

A

cells that carry information through the nervous system

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3
Q

cell body (soma)

A

DNA and nucleolus of cell

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4
Q

4 major parts of neuron

A

cell body, dendrites, axon, and terminal

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5
Q

pre synaptic cell

A

neurons sending the neurotransmitter

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6
Q

post synaptic cell

A

neurons receiving neurotransmitter

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7
Q

glial cells

A

cells that contribute to the neurons function

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8
Q

astrocytes

A

store nutrients for future use by nearby neurons

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9
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

form the myelin that surrounds axons of the central nervous system

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10
Q

schwann cells

A

produce myelin in the peripheral nerves that target body parts and organs

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11
Q

microglia

A

removes debris left by damaged or dead neurons

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12
Q

radial glia cells

A

form a scaffolding that helps guide newly born neurons to their final destinations

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13
Q

gray matter

A

cell body of the cell

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14
Q

white matter

A

oligodendrocytes that wrap the axon

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15
Q

2 divisions of the nervous system

A

central nervous system (CNS) and Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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16
Q

central nervous system

A

neurons that reside entirely within the brain and spinal cord

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17
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

allows central nervous system to communicate with the rest of the body

18
Q

somatic nervous system

A
  • division of PNS
    -Voluntary movement
    carries info from body to brain
19
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

-division of PNS
-brain sending info to organs

20
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A
  • part of autonomic NS
    -fight or flight (prepares body for emergency situations)
    -elevate heart rate and O2 to muscles
21
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

part of autonomic nervous system
-restores body to resting state (decrease heart rate and returns blood flow to normal)

22
Q

how do MRI and CT scans work

A

take a ton of 2D pics

23
Q

anterior

A

anything in the brain closest to your nose

24
Q

posterior

A

in brain close to your back

25
Q

dorsal

A

top of brain

26
Q

ventral

A

bottom of brain

27
Q

medial

A

towards center of brain

28
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline (outer part)

29
Q

sasagittal

A

slices that allow anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral view but not medial/lateral

30
Q

coronal

A

slices that show medial/lateral and dorsal/ventral not anterior/ posterior

31
Q

horizontally

A

slices allow not dorsal/ventral, but anterior/posterior and medial/lateral

32
Q

meninges

A

protective tissues that protect spinal chord and brain

33
Q

afferent neurons

A

neurons carrying info from skin to brain

34
Q

efferent neuron

A

send info signals from brain to muscles

35
Q

where is there gray matter in the spinal chord

A

in the center shaped like a butterfly

36
Q

central canal

A

runs through the spinal chord and connects to the brains ventricles

37
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

helps keep brain from hitting the skull and cushioning for medical damage
-maintains chemical stability
-carries nutrients to brain

38
Q

mesencephalon (brainstem)

A

controls basic functions of living

39
Q

medulla and pons

A

essential body functions, sleep, arousal,basic sensory, and motor responses

40
Q

cerebellum

A

-“little brain”
supports balance and coordination
ex. adjusting how much force to pick up a cup if you think it is full or not

41
Q

midbrain

A

basic motor and attention processes
-superior & inferior colliculus

42
Q

cerebellar ataxia

A

damage to cerebellum —> poor motor movement
ex. similar to movement of a toddler
think abt walking video

psych 305 (3 decks)

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