Class 1

Question 1

What percent of zoonoses caused IED?

Answer 1

75%

Question 2

Most common non-human animal sources of EID?

Answer 2

insects, domesticated animals, swine, bats, rodent

Question 3

Stages of transmission

Answer 3

Stage 1: agent in animals only
Stage 2: primary infection
Stage 3:
Stage 4:
Stage 5:

Question 4

What causes decreases in ID 20th century?

Answer 4

housing, nutrition, antibiotics, hygiene, immuniations, safter food/water

Question 5

Factors influence in emergence of diseases

Answer 5

changes in demographics, environmental changes, international commerce, microbial adaptation, changes in tech

Question 6

Determinants of ID Emergence and Spread

Answer 6

Tech
Breakdown PH measures

Question 7

Factors that increase ID

Answer 7

rising world pop: Developing countries huge rise, Industrial countries- near zero

Question 8

What is Immune senescence

Answer 8

The aging of the immune system

Question 9

factors in emerging ID

Answer 9

Greater Host susceptibility: malnutrition, Immunosuppressive therapy, HIV, malignancy, transplantation

Question 10

Factors in EID

Answer 10

Social and behavioral factors: culture, family work dynamics, travel, antimicrobial use, sexual contact…

Question 11

IED factors

Answer 11

Day care centers: increase Dual incomes, soread

Question 12

factors IED

Answer 12

Smokinf, IDU (increase HIV, HepB,C, Adventurous activities, spelunking etc.

Question 13

Factors increasing EID

Answer 13

Administered in ways that increase resistance
result = increase resistance and outbreaks

Question 14

Factors increasing EID

Answer 14

Farm to table: many different points food can become contaminated

Question 15

Factors affecting EID

Answer 15

Climate variability: southern oscillation index: el nino/la nina. End result: winter with el nino- dry/warm, wet/warm: great potential affect vector born disease.

Question 16

Factors affecting EID

Answer 16

Global temp changes

Question 17

MDR pathogen

Answer 17

Multi-drug resistant

Question 18

Influenza has three main types A, B, C

Answer 18

A/B causes yearly epidemics in the winter:
C cause little if any harm to humans
A causes pandemics, most dangerous to humans, wide range of hosts, rapid mutation, capacity to cause really serious disease

Question 19

Influenza subtypes

Answer 19

A subtypes: HA and NA surface antigens
18 HA subtypes known pair with 1 of NA subtypes

Question 20

Preference of the avian bird flu depends on what?

Answer 20

The orientation of the linkage and binding to polymers

Question 21

Antigenic drift

Answer 21

gradual accumulation of mutations in HA and NA over time- lack of proofreading enzymes, many replication errors

New strain- same subtype as older strains

humans have partial immunity to new strain

disease generally not terribly severe

Question 22

Requirements for pandemic

Answer 22

new virus emerges and pop has little/no immunity
able to replicate
transmitted to humans

Question 23

Anitgenic shift

Answer 23

sudden change from one subtype to another. Major reassortment in HA or NA genes

Question 24

What is One Health Approach commonalities

Answer 24

collaborative,