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CLASP > CLASP formative > Flashcards

CLASP formative Flashcards

1
Q

is telomere inhibitor a type of cytotoxic chemotherapy?

A

No

cytotoxic chemotherapy=anthracycline, taxane, alkylating agent, and platinum

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2
Q

What type of tumour is most strongly linked with smoking?

A

pulmonary small cell carcinoma

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3
Q

Smooth muscle tissue growth occurs by which process?

A

hyperplasia

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4
Q

the worst outcome for a tumour is based on incomplete excision, with
True/False?

A

True

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5
Q

Pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma are most commonly located where?

A

centrally within the lungs

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6
Q

pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumours are not to be investigated for an inherited cancer syndrome? T/F?

A

true

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7
Q

Why does a family have a substitution of A to G in exon 11 of the KIT gene but have no history of cancer?

A

They require more than one genetic abnormality for cancer to develop

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8
Q

Define metaplasia?

A

reversible change from one mature cell type to another mature cell type

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9
Q

is Hepatoma a malignant lesion?

A

yes

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10
Q

mesthelioma is linked to which type of asbestos fibre?

A

Chrysotile

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11
Q

Ablative is a term used to describe cancer treatment?

A

False

cancer treatment are described as adjuvant, palliative, radical and neo-adjuvant

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12
Q

Which hepatitis is most strong linked to hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

Hep C

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13
Q

Carcinoma is a malignant tumour derived from WHICH LAYER?

A

EPITHELIUM

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14
Q

Which disease has the strongest risk for developing cholangiocarcnioma?

A

primary sclerosing cholangitis

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15
Q

Grading of malignancy is described as ?

A

the degree of cytological atypia

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16
Q

which virus is responsible for subset of malignancies?

A

epstein barr virus

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17
Q

malignant cells classically have what time of nucleus to cytplasm ratio?

A

high nucleur to cytoplasmic ratio

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18
Q

Confusion is/is not a common side affect of chemo?

A

is not

19
Q

What test characteristics is most important for diagnosing malignancy with a tumour marker ?

A

sensitivity

20
Q

Human chorionic gonadtrophin (HCG) and alpha feto protein (AFP) are widely used as tumour markers to monitor germ cell tumours (e.g. testes). True/False?

A

True

21
Q

which phase in the cell cycle does P53 cause an arrest?

A

between G1 and S phase

22
Q

Abnormality in the mismatch repair proteins as seen in the lynch syndrome can be seen by?

A

the presence of microsatellite instability

23
Q

What type of mutations directly activate an oncogene ?

A

an amino acid change=missense

24
Q

what does drug herceptin TM target?

A

Targets the epidermal growth factor receptor

25
Q

what are the common late side effects of radiotherapy?

A

menopause, skin fibrosis, bladder instability and faecal urgency

26
Q

In PROSTATE CANCER what is prostate specific antigen used for?

A

diagnosis and monitoring

27
Q

Human papilloma virus promotes carcinogenesis by ?

A

degrading normally produced p53

28
Q

Chest x ray shows multiple ill defined round opacities in both lungs. this is most likely to represent either a metastatic colorectal cancer or a metastatic renal cell carcinoma?

A

metastatic renal cell carcinoma

29
Q

What is lynch syndrome?

A

is a condition that can run in families. LS is also known as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). It is caused by an alteration in a gene called a mismatch repair gene.

30
Q

Who is more likely to have lynch syndrome?
a-48 year old with endometrial (uterine) cancer and colonic polyps
b-42 year old with gastric carcinoid tumours and lesions of the pancreas, pituitary and parathyroid gland

A

A

31
Q

Refractory coeliac disease can progress to?

A

T cell-lymphoma

32
Q

45 year old with malignant tumour in the right upper lobe of the right lung. not likely to metastasise in spleen or adrenal glands? which one?

A

spleen

33
Q

Gastric cancer is/is not related to obesity ?

A

is not

34
Q

a risk for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma is barrets/plummer vinson syndrome?

A

plummer vinson syndrome

35
Q

What is plummer vinson syndrome?

A

rare disease characterised by difficulty swallowing, iron deficiency anaemia, glossitis, cheilosis and oesophageal webs

36
Q

where in the colon is lynch syndrome most common?

A

ascending colon

37
Q

radiation kills cells mainly by interacting with which component?

A

DNA STRANDS

38
Q

What are recording endpoints after cancer treatment?

A

toxicity free survival

39
Q

A well circumscribed tumour protruding into the bronchus with a yellow cut surface is most likely to be a

A

carcinoid tumour

40
Q

Children are most likely to suffer from malignancy of

A

blood cells, brain cells and mesenchymal cells

41
Q

Mesenchymal cells?

A

Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including osteoblasts (bone cells), chondrocytes (cartilage cells), myocytes (muscle cells) and adipocytes (fat cells which give rise to marrow adipose tissue)

42
Q

Small cell carcinoma of the lung may result in increase in PTH or ADH hormone?

A

excess production of ADH

43
Q

Bcl2 relates to which of the “Wienberg Hallmarks” of cancer?

A

evasion of apoptosis

44
Q

.A mutation in a promoter is likely to result in

A

: absence of protein

CLASP (1 decks)

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