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Diamonds > Clarity And Value > Flashcards

Clarity And Value Flashcards

0
Q

What is the classic definition of clarity?

A

A gemstones relative freedom from inclusions and blemishes.

Aka purity, quality.

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1
Q

What is a plot?

A

A color-keyed diagram of a gemstone’s significant clarity characteristics.

It simplifies the task of finding a diamond’s clarity characteristics.

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2
Q

When can clarity characteristics appear?

A

During formation, during the cutting or setting process, or even when the diamond is worn

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3
Q

How does clarity relate to a diamond’s value?

A

The diamonds with no clarity characteristics are more rare and valuable.

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4
Q

What is a type of clarity characteristic that can occur during diamond formation?

A

Graining. Which is a development of irregularities in the crystal’s atomic structure.

Looks like faint lines or streaks and can parallel and or intersect.

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5
Q

What is the collective term for diamond cleavages and fractures?

A

Feather. They also have a white feathery appearance

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6
Q

What is a break?

A

A clarity characteristic that can develop during or after formation.

Either a cleavage or a fracture

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7
Q

What does a cleavage look like?

A

A break parallel to the weakest direction in the gem’s structure.
Sometimes has a step-like appearance.

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8
Q

What is a Fracture?

A

A fracture is a break in any other direction, I.e. Not parallel to the weakest direction of the gems structure.

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9
Q

Where can the most damaging breaks occur on a diamond?

A

The most damaging breaks occur along the weakest direction in the crystal structure, especially if those breaks pass through the girdle or occur near points or corners.

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10
Q

What are the five factors that determine the overall effect of characteristics on a clarity grade?

A 
Size
Number
Position
Nature
Relief
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11
Q

Where is the “heart” of the diamond?

A

The area right under the table

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12
Q

Where are inclusions most visible in a stone?

A

When it is located right at the heart of the stone

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13
Q

What is a reflector in terms of clarity characteristics?

A

When an inclusion is located in the pavilion facets, causing it to look like many inclusions

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14
Q

What type of inclusion have the greatest impact on a diamond’s clarity grade?

A

Feathers. Especially when large and reaches the table or extend from the crown thru the girdle.

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15
Q

What does relief mean in clarity terms?

A

Visibility. Most inclusions are white or colourless, but can also be black, brown, dark red or green.

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16
Q

How can a cutter improve the clarity of a diamond?

A

By eliminating (cutting off) or hiding (positioning) clarity characteristics.

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17
Q

What does bruting mean?

A

Rounding up, or girdling. One of the first steps in the cutting process in which to form the basic face-up outline of the diamond to prepare it for faceting - can create clarity characteristics

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18
Q

How can a cutter demonstrate that they have retained maximum weight and diameter from the rough?

A

By leaving a part of the crystals original surface- natural - on the fashioned diamond

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19
Q

What is the difference between inclusions and blemishes?

A

Inclusions are within or extend from the surface in to the stone. While blemishes are limited to the surface.

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20
Q

What is a bearded girdle?

A

BG
An inclusion that is a very small feather extending from the girdle surface into the stone; can result from the cutting process.

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21
Q

What is a bruise?

A

Br

Inclusion. Tiny area of impact accompanied by very small, root-like feathers; typically occurs at a facet junction.

22
Q

Cavity?

A

Cv

Inclusion. An angular opening created when part if a feather breaks away.

23
Q

Chip?

A

Ch

An inclusion in which a shallow opening that occurs at a girdle edge, facet junction, or culet ; caused by damage tome stone’s surface.

24
Q

What is a cloud?

A

Cld

An inclusion in which many tightly grouped pinpoints that might be too small to distinguish individually but together have a hazy appearance.

25
Q

Feather?

A

Ftr

The general trade term for a break in a gemstone, often white and feathery in appearance.

26
Q

What is the grain centre?

A

GrCnt

Inclusion. A small concentrated area of crystal distortion; can be white or dark, and might have a thread-like or pinpoint - like appearance.

27
Q

Crystal?

A

Xtl

An inclusion in which a mineral crystal is contained in a diamond.

28
Q

What is indented natural?

A

IndN. Inclusion

A portion of the rough’s original surface that dips below a polished diamond’s surface, or an opening left when a surface-reaching crystal drops out or is forced out during polishing.

29
Q

What is meant by internal graining?

A

IntrGr. Inclusion

Lines, angles, or curves that might appear whitish, coloured, or, reflective, or affect transparency at 10x; caused by irregularities in crystal growth.

30
Q

What is internal laser drilling?

A

ILD an inclusion in which a laser drilling within a diamond that doesn’t reach the surface.

31
Q

What is a knot?

A

K

An inclusion in which a transparent included diamond crystal that extends to the surface after fashioning.

32
Q

What is a laser drill hole ?

A

LDH inclusion.

A tiny surface-reaching tunnel produced by a laser light beam.

33
Q

What is a needle?

A

Ndl. An inclusion in which a thin, elongated crystal that looks like a tiny rod at 10x

34
Q

What is a pinpoint?

A

Pp. inclusion.

A very small crystal that looks like a tiny dot at 10X

35
Q

What is a twinning wisp?

A

W
Inclusion

A series of pinpoints, clouds, or crystals that forms in a diamond’s growth plane; associated sigh crystal distortion and twinning planes.

36
Q

What is an Abrasion?

A

Abr

Blemish. A series of minute nicks along the facet junctions of a fashioned diamond; gives the edges a white or fuzzy appearance

37
Q

What is an extra facet?

A

Ef. Blemish.

A facet that’s nit required by the cutting style, place without regard for the diamond’s symmetry; mist often found near the girdle.

38
Q

What is a lizard skin?

A

Blemish. Wavy or bumpy area on the surface of a polished diamond.

39
Q

What is a natural?

A

Nk. Blemish.

A small notch on a facet junction with no readily apparent depth at 10x, usually along the girdle edge or at the culet.

40
Q

What is a pit?

A

Pit. Blemish

A small opening that looks like a tiny white dot

41
Q

What are Polish Lines?

A

PL . Blemish

Fine parallel grooves and ridges left by polishing; can occur on any facet but do not cross facet junctions; transparent or white.

42
Q

What are burn marks?

A

Brn. Blemish

Hazy surface area that results from excessive heat or from uneven polishing caused by structural irregularities; also called polish mark or burned facet.

43
Q

What is rough girdle?

A

RG

a blemish that is caused by irregular granular girdle surface

44
Q

What is a scratch?

A

S.

Blemish caused by a thin, dull line across the diamond’s surface; shows no apparent depth at 10X

45
Q

What is surface graining?

A

SGr

A blemish similar to internal graining except, Except it appears on the surface results; from irregularities in crystal structure

46
Q

What is the laser drilling

A

Laser drilling is a treatment that involves using a concentrated beam of laser light to reach a diamond’s dark inclusions and to disguise and eliminate them.

47
Q

What is fracture filling?

A

Fracture filling is a treatment that involves injecting a molten glass substance into a diamond’s surface-reaching feathers or laser-drill holes

48
Q

What does apparent clarity mean?

A

A term used to describe the effects of treatments on the visual appeal of a gemstone

49
Q

What are the clarity treatments that can improve a diamond’s clarity?

A

Laser drilling and fracture filling

50
Q

How does fracture filling work to improve a diamond’s aparent clarity?

A

Fracture filling works because the filling material has a refractive index RI that’s closer to diamonds RI than to air’s RI.

The fillings RI makes light behave almost as if it were passing through diamond.

51
Q

What is RI? What is the RI of a diamond? What is the RI of air?

A

Refractive index. Diamonds RI is 2.417 air is 1.000

It is a measure of a material’s ability to bend and slow light.

52
Q

What is a necessary disclose when a diamond has been treated with diamond filling?

A

That it improves the apparent clarity of the stone, it doesn’t heal it or make it go away.

Diamonds (3 decks)

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