claim and fallacy Flashcards
makes an
assertion about something
that can be proved or
disproved with factual
evidence.
Claim of Fact
argues that
something is good or bad, or
that one thing is better than
another thing.
Claim of Value
argues that
certain conditions should exist,
or that something should or
should not be done, in order to
solve a problem.
Claim of Policy
is the argument opposing the authors claim
Counterclaim
the speaker or writer attacks the other person instead of the argument to discredit the person
Ad hominem
the speaker or writer misinterprets a position or argument that was never made by the other person and which he or she never intend to defend
starwman argument
the speaker or writer uses the argument that if a statement cannot be proven true, it must be false and vice versa
appeal to ignorance
the speaker or writer makes it appear as though there are only two options when there are actually more than two
False dilemma/false dichotomy
the speaker or writer says that one event can lead to a chain of events, culminating in something significant
slippery slope
the speaker or writer repeats something assumed beforehand
circular argument
the speaker or writer makes a general statement without enough evidence to support it
hasty generalization
the speaker or writer uses something to mislead or distract from what is the relevant topic or issue at hand
red herring
the speaker or writer says that something is true or right because other people agree
bandwagon
the speaker or writer says because event A happened before event B, then event A caused event B
post hoc
