CLA Key Terms

Question 1

What is meant by Addition? (Phonology)

Answer 1

Adding a sound into a word, creating a phonological error.

Question 2

What is meant by Deletion? (Phonology)

Answer 2

Deleting a sound.

Question 3

What is meant by Assimilation? (Phonology)

Answer 3

One sound is changed for a similar sound.

Question 4

What is meant by Consonant Cluster Reduction? (Phonology)

Answer 4

Reducing a group of consonants.

Question 5

What is meant by Reduplication? (Phonology)

Answer 5

Repeating a syllable, like mama or dada.

Question 6

What is meant by Substitution? (Phonology)

Answer 6

Substitution for another sound.

Question 7

What is meant by Deletion of Unstressed Syllables? (Phonology)

Answer 7

Leaving out unstressed syllables, like saying nana rather than banana.

Question 8

What is meant by Referent? (Semantic)

Answer 8

The word for an object, like ball.

Question 9

What is meant by Overextension? (Semantic)

Answer 9

Child stretches the meaning of a word to things that are not within the lexical field, like calling an apple a ball.

Question 10

What is meant by Categorical Overextension? (Semantics)

Answer 10

The child stretches the meaning of the word to things within the same lexical field, like calling an orange and apple since they are both fruit.

Question 11

What is meant by Analogical Overextension? (Semantics)

Answer 11

The child stretches the meaning of the word to things that appear visibly similar, like calling an orange a ball because they are both round.

Question 12

What is meant by Underextension? (Semantics)

Answer 12

The child reduces a meaning of a word to only include part of its normal meaning, like knowing their shoe is a shoe but not someone else’s.

Question 13

What is meant by Hypernym? (Semantics)

Answer 13

General name for something, like dog.

Question 14

What is meant by Hyponym? (Semantics)

Answer 14

Specific name for something, like Chihuahua.

Question 15

What is meant by Agentive Ending? (Nativism)

Answer 15

Making a verb into a person, like teach into teaching.

Question 16

What is meant by Elliptical Structures? (Nativism)

Answer 16

Sentences that are missing something, usually conjuctions.

Question 17

What is meant by Bound Morpheme? (Morphology)

Answer 17

Something that doesn’t have a semantic meaning on it’s own, like ‘ed’ in ‘walked’.

Question 18

What is meant by Free Morpheme? (Morphology)

Answer 18

Something that has semantic meaning on it’s own, like ‘walk’ in ‘walked’.

Question 19

What is meant by Derivational Morpheme? (Morphology)

Answer 19

Morphemes that change the word class/meaning of a word.

Question 20

What is meant by Inflectional Morpheme? (Morphology)

Answer 20

Changes the grammar of the root word.

Question 21

What is meant by Allomorphs? (Morphology)

Answer 21

The ‘s’ and ‘ed’ ending of words.

Question 22

What is meant by Suppletion? (Morphology)

Answer 22

Instead of a suffix, the whole word changes, like ‘go/gone/went’.

Question 23

What is meant by Virtuous Error? (Cognitive/Interactionist)

Answer 23

A mistake based on rules that are already known, like ‘swimmed’ instead of ‘swam’.

Question 24

What is meant by Exaggerating Prosodic Cues? (CDS)

Answer 24

Using more exaggerated intonation patterns and slightly higher frequencies with higher pitch variation, like ‘uh oh!’.

Question 25

What is meant by Recasting? (CDS)

Answer 25

Rephrasing a sentence in a different way, like ‘dada bye bye’ to ‘daddy… is daddy going bye bye?’.

Question 26

What is meant by Echoing? (CDS)

Answer 26

Repeating what the child is saying.

Question 27

What is meant by Expansion? (CDS)

Answer 27

Restating what the child says in a more linguistically sophisticated form, like ‘ball all gone’ to ‘yes, we lost the ball’

Question 28

What is meant by Expatiation? (CDS)

Answer 28

Expanding further on a word by giving more information, like ‘baba hot’ to ‘yes, the bottle is hot. We’ll wait until later’.

Question 29

What is meant by Labelling? (CDS)

Answer 29

Providing names for objects.

Question 30

What is meant by Overarticulating? (CDS)

Answer 30

Using more precise sounds contained in the words, stretching them out.

Question 31

What is meant by Negation? (Grammar)

Answer 31

Child saying no to something.

Question 32

What is meant by Overgeneralisation? (Grammar)

Answer 32

Adding ‘ed’ to every past tense, or ‘s’ to every plural (another form of virtuous error).

Question 33

What is meant by Phonemic Expansion? (Phonology)

Answer 33

The variety of sounds increasing, like a child going from cooing to babbling.

Question 34

What is meant by Vocative? (Semantics)

Answer 34

A form used to address a person, usually a noun like Mummy.

Question 35

What is meant by Object Permanence? (Semantics)

Answer 35

Awareness that objects continue to exist even when out of sight.

Question 36

What is meant by Content Words? (Lexis)

Answer 36

Usually nouns, verbs, adjectives - used to paint a picture in our head.

Question 37

What is meant by Function Words? (Lexis)

Answer 37

Words used to make the sentence grammatically correct, like determiners, conjunctions, pronouns, aux verbs.