CLA Flashcards
What are the 4 sections in the pre verbal stage?
Vegetative
Cooing
Babbling
Protowords
Describe the vegetative stage
0-4 months
Baby can make sounds of discomfort or reflexive actions
What is phonemic expansion?
When babies increase the number of sounds they can produce (as of the vegetative stage)
Describe the cooing stage
4-7 months
Baby can make sounds and vocal play using open mouthed sounds
Describe the babbling stage
6-12 months
Repeated patterns of consonant and vowel sounds
Describe the two types of babbling
Reduplicated babbling- ga ga ga
Variegated babbling- ga goo ga
Describe the proto words stage
9-12 months
Word like vocalisations, not actual words but sounds or formations that a child uses consistently for the same meaning
What is phonemic contraction?
From the proto words stage, babies slowly reduce the number of sounds they make to only those necessary for their language
What are the 4 stages of speaking development?
Holophrastic stage
Two word stage
Telegraphic stage
Post telegraphic stage
Describe the holophrastic stage
12-18 months
One word utterances are produced
What are the two theorists associated with the holophrastic stage?
Bee
Katherine Nelson
What was Bee’s theory?
A word is any sound that is used consistently to refer to the same thing.
What was Katherine Nelson’s study?
60% of first words are nouns. The rest is made up of actions, events, describing/ modifying things, personal/ social words.
Describe the two word stage
18-24 months
Two word combinations accompanied by some development of verb inflections or morphological development such as ‘s for plurals
Generally follows the SV pattern
It is a relatively short stage of a few weeks.
Describe the telegraphic stage
24-36 months
Three or more words combined
Early in the stage, verb inflections, auxiliary verbs, prepositions/adverbs and determiners are all omitted.
Describe the post-telegraphic stage
36+ months
More grammatically complex combinations, here key skills start to develop.
Remaining function words are acquired. Can use subordinating and coordinating conjunctions. Can manipulate verb aspects more accurately. Construct longer noun phrases.
What is the rate of lexical development at 12 months?
50 words but understand around 250
What is the rate of lexical development at 24 months?
200-300
What is the rate of lexical development at 36 months?
2, 000
What is the rate of lexical development at 5 years?
3, 000
What is the rate of lexical development at 7 years?
4, 000
What is the rate of lexical development at 11 years?
40, 000
Describe the nature of a child’s first words
First words are often proper or concrete nouns
They are often of a social/ interactive nature
Early vocabulary contains content words and function words are acquired later
Define phonology
The study of the sound systems of language and how they communicate meaning