cla Flashcards
order of language acquisition
cooing
babbling
holophrastic
two word
telegraphic
post telegraphic
behaviourist theory
b.f. skinner
children learn primarily through imitation and patterns of positive or negative reinforcement from carers
nativist theory
n. chomsky
children are born with LAD and have an innate ability to learn language
cognitive theory
- j. piaget
- children develop their linguistic competence alongside their ability to understand the world around them
interactional theory
- j. bruner
- children learn through input of their carers, correcting and supporting their linguistic development
critical period
- e. lenneberg
- children have a limited period during which their language can develop rapidly. after this, language development is much harder.
4 stages of writing development
Kroll (1981)
- preparatory stage (app 4-7)
- consolidation stage (app 7-9)
- differentiation stage (9+)
- integration stage (14+)
6 stages of writing
Dr Kathy Barclay (1996)
- scribbling
- mock handwriting
- mock letters
- conventional letters
- invented spelling
- approximated or phonetic spelling
- conventional spelling
stages of spelling
1) EXPLORATION
2) SEMIPHONETIC
3) PHONETIC
4) TRANSITIONAL
what is preparatory stage of writing
- basic motor skills develop and principles of the spelling system required
what is consolidation stage of development
- children begin to use writing to express what they can already say in speech. writing closely reflects the patterns of spoken language.
- there may be colloquialisms, strings of clauses linked by “and”, unfinished sentences
differentiation stage of development
- writing begins to diverge from speech and develops its own patterns and organisations.
- errors are common at first.
- written work becomes fuller and more diverse.
- need guidance about structures and functions of written lang
- realise writing is a medium
integration stage of development
- writers have such a good command choice that they can vary their stylistic choices at will and develop personal ‘voice’
what is exploration stage of spelling
- pre letter writing
- random writing on page
- many use repetition of familiar letter such as the letters in childs name
- uses left to right directionality
- uses random sight words
what is semiphonetic stage of spelling
- leaves random spaces in writing
- uses a few known words in correct place
- shows letter-sound correspondence
what is phonetic stage of spelling
- total mapping of letter-sound correspondence
- vowels are omitted when not heard
- writes quickly
- spaces words correctly
- letters are assigned strictly on basis of sound
what is transitional stage of spelling
- vowels appear in every syllable
- silent ‘e’ pattern becomes fixed
- inflectional endings are used
- common letter sequences are used
- child moves toward visual spelling
- may include all letters but reverse some
what is the fis phenomenon
the idea that children understand more language than they can say
what is a holophrase
one word which represents an idea
what is mlu
mean length of utterance= mean amount of words per utterance
dores 6 functions of language
- labelling
- repeating
- requesting action
- greeting
- protesting
- practising
hallidays 7 functions of language
- instrumental
- regulatory
- interactional
- personal
- representational
- imaginitive
- heuristic
stages of negation
Ursula Bellugi
1) ‘no’ at beginning or end of sentence
2) learns to insert negation in middle of sentence
3) learns to use an auxiliary verb as well as a main verb, which forms the negative
what is shown by jean berkos ‘wugs’ experiment
- children display innate ability to use grammatical rules by applying them to unknown words
- when presented with idea of one wug and asked about language used for two, they used normal rules for pluralisation
first words categories
- naming
- actions/events
- describing/modifying things
- personal/social words
what did nelson find that most of childs first fifty words were
concrete nouns
