CKD Flashcards
Define
> 3 months of GFR<60ml/min/1.73m2
or increased Creatinine for >3months
What equation is used to see if there is abnormal kidney function?
MDRD equation» takes into account: serum creatinine, age, gender, ethnicity
Causes of CKD?
godchap
Glomerulonephritis
Obesity
Diabetes» causes nephropathy
Cardio disease» reduced blood to kidneys
Hypertension» damages arteries that supply blood to kidneys
Age
Pyelonephritis
epidemiology? (1)
older people are more prone
give 3 skin symptoms of CKD
epistaxis
skin pigmentation
pruritis
give a blood symptom of CKD
anaemia» lethargy
because the kdineys are messed up so reduced production of EPO
give 2 genital/sexual symptoms of CKD
amenorrhoea
erectile dysfunction
give 2 circulatory/cardiovascular symptoms of CKD
heart failure» because the blood volume is reduced due to messed up RAAS
pericarditis
give 2 renal symptoms of CKD
nocturia
oedema» because kidneys not good at clearing fluid from body so fluid builds up in tissues
proteinuria because the pores in the kidneys are bigger so the proteins leak out more easily into urine
give 3 infective risk factors for CKD
TB, malaria, schistosomiasis
would these blood tests be raised, lowered or normal in CKD?
a) urea
b) creatinine
c) ALP
d) eGFR
e) calcium
f) phosphate
g) Hb
a) high
b) high
c) high
d) low
e) low
f) high
g) low= anaemia
What is renal osteodystrophy and how is it caused?
CKD causes low calcium because a lot of calcium leaks out and to compensate for low calcium in the blood, osteoclasts break down bone to release more calcium into blood.
This weakens bones
Signs of CKD on physical examination (3)
Skin pigmentation Pitting oedema Ascites Lethargy Pruritus
App Ix of pt with Ascites and elevated creatinine and Urea etc.
Bloods» FBC (low hb), u&Es low calcium, high phosphate, serum creatinine is high
Urinalysis=» proteinuria, haematuria
Imaging» US kidneys (small), XR, CTKUB,
Renal biopsy» when unexplained and need to check for renal carcinoma
Why is hyperkalaemia caused by CKD?
because the normal functioning of the kidneys is to pump out potassium but reabsorb sodium
Messed up kidneys are not able to pump out potassium so you get hyperkalaemia
