CKD

Question 1

Lab abnormalities of a patient with CKD

Answer 1

Increased SCr, urea, K, P, PTH, BP, glucose, lipids, Ca (if on vit D therapy)

Decreased GFR, CrCl, CO2 (leading to metabolic acidosis), HgB (anemia), iron stores, 25(OH)D (vit D deficiency), albumin (malnutrition), glucose, Ca, HDL

Question 2

What are the signs and symptoms of CKD?

Answer 2

uremic symptoms -
generalized: fatigue, weakness, weight gain, loss of appetite, N/V
due to poor uremic clearance: mental confusion, neuropathy, uremic breath, itching
others: cold intolerance, bleeding

Signs: edema, changes in urine output, abdominal distension, pericardial rub, asterixis (unable to maintain a posture)

Question 3

Metabolic acidosis