CKD

Question 1

Define CKD

Answer 1

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) describes a chronic reduction in kidney function sustained over THREE MONTHS.

It tends to be permanent and progressive.

Question 2

Causes for CKD (outside of ageing)

Answer 2

Diabetes
Hypertension
Medications (e.g., NSAIDs or lithium)
Glomerulonephritis
Polycystic kidney disease

Question 3

Some presentations of CKD?

Answer 3

Many can be asymptomatic, and signs/symptoms are usually non-specific

Fatigue
Pallor (due to anaemia)
Foamy urine (proteinuria)
Nausea
Loss of appetite
Pruritus (itching)
Oedema
Hypertension
Peripheral neuropathy

Question 4

Investigations for suspected CKD?

Question 5

When can a diagnosis for CKD be made?

Answer 5

When there are consistent results over three months of either:

1.eGFR sustained below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2
2.Urine albumin:creatinine ratio sustained above 3 mg/mmol

Question 6

Stages of CKD