CJS

Question 1

The criminal Justice System consists of 3 principal components?

Answer 1

police, courts & corrections

Question 2

Two types of Justice:

Answer 2

social, criminal

Question 3

Describe Social Justice

Answer 3

Focuses on how society should be organized so that justice can be served, is a form of distributive justice

Question 4

Describe Criminal Justice

Answer 4

Focuses on how society should respond, is a form of corrective justice

Question 5

Define Crime

Answer 5

An act that violates criminal law and is punishable

Question 6

Define Deviance

Answer 6

Behavior that departs from social norms and that is not always subject to formal social sanction

Question 7

How do we measure crime?

Answer 7

UCR (uniform crime reporting)

Question 8

What is a “Dark figure of crime”?

Answer 8

crimes that have occurred but not have been reported, this is a limitation to the UCR

Question 9

What is the “Hierarchy rule”?

Answer 9

This is when a criminal incident has caused multiple serious crimes, but for statistical purposes only the most serious crime is counted

Question 10

issues with the Hierarchy rule?

Answer 10

• deflates crime rate
• less serious crimes are not counted
• increased violent crimes

Question 11

benefits of victimization survey

Answer 11

• provides a greater understanding of the nature of crime

- useful in identifying categories of people most at risk

Question 12

limitations of the victimization survey

Answer 12

• not all crimes are captured

- depends on memory, honesty

Question 13

benefits of Self report studies

Answer 13

-the people who broke the law know the most about the crime that has been committed

Question 14

limitations of self report studies

Answer 14

-respondants tend to report minor infractions and downplay more serious infractions

Question 15

What is telescoping?

Answer 15

Recalling events being sooner than it was in reality

Question 16

How to Calculate crime rate?

Answer 16

divide the number of crimes by the population, then multiply by 100,000

Question 17

what is meant by the term “if it bleeds, it leads”?

Answer 17

This term means that more violent serious crimes are more likely to be leading media stories rather then less serious crimes

Question 18

Who proposed the crime control model & the due process model?

Answer 18

Herbert Packer

Question 19

Goals of the crime control model?

Answer 19

• deter crime
• incapacitate criminals
• protect citizens

Question 20

Goals of the Due Process model?

Answer 20

• protect individuals from the unbridled powers of the state
• enhance and ensure the legal rights of all accused persons
• promote fairness and equality
• limit bias and discretion

Question 21

What are the two most important pieces of Canadian Legislation?

Answer 21

The Canadian Criminal code, and the Charter of rights and freedoms

Question 22

What is substantive Law?

Answer 22

Defines criminal acts and the legal elements that must be present for conviction. Part of the CCC

Question 23

Explain the difference between specific deterrence and general deterrance

Answer 23

specific deterrence is focused on deterring the offender of a crime from committing future crimes, while general deterrence focuses on deterring the general public from committing crimes

Question 24

Define Denunciation

Answer 24

A formal expression that a crime is unacceptable

Question 25

Define Retribution

Answer 25

punishment for transgressions, you will be punished for an act of crime that you have committed

Question 26

Explain the difference between policing, and the police

Answer 26

policing is the act of maintaining and reproducing social order, while the police are individuals given the right by state to use force to maintain this order

Question 27

Who established the “Bow street runners” also known as the thief takers

Answer 27

Henry Fielding

Question 28

What are the 3 different jurisdictional levels?

Answer 28

Federal, provincial, and municipal

Question 29

What is community policing?

Answer 29

the act of allocating certain police officers to certain areas so they become familiar with the inhabitants

Question 30

What does Section 26 of the criminal code talk about?

Answer 30

everyone who is authorized by law to use force is criminally responsible for any excess force

Question 31

What are the two models of policing?

Answer 31

Traditional, and community policing

Question 32

Describe the traditional model

Answer 32

• crime is the excusive domain of the police
• police rely on motorized patrol, and technology driven strategies
• police form a “thin blue line” against crime

Question 33

Describe the community policing model

Answer 33

• police form a coalition with the public against crime
• police rely on a variety of different strategies
• police form a “broad blue line” against crime

Question 34

what are the two main limitations of the UCR

Answer 34

“the dark figure of crime”, and the “hierarchy rule”

Question 35

Define procedural justice

Answer 35

The interaction and treatment by the police is more important than the outcome

Question 36

Define Carding

Answer 36

refers to the police practice of recording highly detailed information derived from citizens in primarily non-criminal encounters

Question 37

MMS is an example of which CJS model?

Answer 37

crime control model

Question 38

Explain the Consensus perspective

Answer 38

Criminal laws represent a consensus within a society about what acts should be prohibited

Question 39

Explain the Conflict perspective

Answer 39

Rejects the idea that laws reflect a consensus in society, believe that laws are the result of political processes

Question 40

What are the 4 main police functions

Answer 40

Community control, criminal investigation & prosecution, order maintenance and social service

Question 41

What does the term “window dressing” refer to?

Answer 41

term created to portray the police as more socially interactive