CJ Final Flashcards
What is the “principal of moral righteousness?”
Justice
What model emphasizes the efficient arrest and conviction of criminal offenders.
The Crime Control Model
As society became more focused on individual rights in the 1960s and 1970s, what happened to crime in the United States?
Reported crime increased dramatically.
What is not a function of courts
Enforce the Law
Which of the following measures the extent of reported and unreported crimes to law enforcement in the United States?
NCVS
Procedural fairness is:
Due Process
Check on the exercise of power by other criminal justice agencies is a function of:
Courts
Which component of the criminal justice system is expected to maintain order?
Police
What model suggests that all parts of the criminal justice system work harmoniously together to achieve justice.
Consensus Model
Which component of the criminal justice system is responsible for carrying out sentences?
Corrections
What is referred to as the systems model.
The conflict model.
Which component of the criminal justice system is responsible for upholding the law?
Courts
At what stage of the criminal justice process is the defendant notified of indictment and required to enter a plea?
Arraignment
Which model assumes each component of the criminal justice system functions to serve their own interests?
Conflict Control
The _______________ viewpoint asserts that a crime is a violation or breaking of law
Legalistic
Of the following, which is not a Part 1 Offense covered by the UCR?
Simple assault.
Of the following Part 1 Offenses covered by the UCR, which is the most frequently reported major offense?
Larceny Theft
Of the following Part 1 Offenses covered by the UCR, which is the most frequently reported major offense?
Larceny-Theft
Which of the following measures the extent of reported and unreported crimes to law enforcement in the United States?
NCVS
The NIBRS program collects data from:
Law enforcement agencies in the United States
The dark figure of crime refers to ________.
crime that is not reported to the police
The National Crime Victimization Survey includes information on which of the following crimes?
Robbery
Which of the following is a problem with the NCVS program?
Respondents may invent victimizations
Shoulder surfing and dumpster diving are techniques used to commit which crime?
Identity Theft
The unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft is the crime of ________
Burglary
Most aggravated assaults are committed with ________.
Blunt Objects
Which major crime has the highest clearance rate?
Murder.
Which weapon is used most often to commit murder?
Firearms
If you are looking for national crime statistics and want data that solely focuses on crimes reported to the police, you should use which of the following sources of data?
NIBRS
________ is obtained by surveying offenders and asking them to reveal illegal activity in which they have been involved
Self-Report Data
Your friend is looking for national level data of crimes not reported to the police for a class project. Which should they use?
NCVS
Which source of data consistently classifies robbery as a property crime?
NIBRS
Which source of data distinguishes between Part I and Part II crimes?
UCR
The ___________ does not collect data on homicides.
NCVS
The NCVS collects data on persons _________ years of age and older within American households.
12
___________________ is created through legislative action
Statutory Law
An unleashed pet in a jurisdiction with leash laws is an example of:
An Infraction
Bart Simpson and his best buddy, MilHouse Van Houten, are having an argument. During the argument, Bart shoves MilHouse, who falls down and breaks his glasses and wrist. Bart is apologetic, as he did not mean for MilHouse to get injured.
Prosecution can charge Bart with simple assault because of proof the incident (crime) occurred and presence of mens rea. Which of the following levels of mens rea is most applicable?
Knowing
Snoopy is preparing to give little baby Woodstock a bath. Snoopy draws the bathwater and sits Woodstock in it. Suddenly, there is a ring at the door and Snoopy leaves the bathroom to go answer the door. The visitor, Peppermint Patty, has stopped by to have a movie night with her pal, Snoopy and little baby, Woodstock. After greeting his friend, Snoopy hurries back to the bathroom, only to find that little baby Woodstock has drowned.
Which level of mens rea is most applicable to this scenario?
Negligent
Minnie Mouse is mad at her partner, Mickey Mouse, as she discovered that Mickey has been canoodling with Daisy Duck behind her back. Minnie determines that the best way to deal with the situation is to murder her partner, Mickey Mouse. The following week, after a long day full of filming, Mickey pulls into the drive way and walks into the house. Upon entry into the house, Minnie fires her pistol. To Minnie’s surprise, she does not hit Mickey. Instead, she hits Goofy, who dies at the scene.
Minnie is charged for first degree murder of Goofy. What type of mens rea or culpability does prosecution use as grounds for this charge?
Transferred Intent
Of the following, which is not an element that composes the essence of a crime?
Motive
Baby Stewie (really) does not like their sister, Meg. Stewie feels like their life would be better without Meg. To put this plan into motion, Stewie decided to meet with a potential hit-person. After a long conversation and paying the hit-person with all the money in their piggy bank, Stewie orders the murder of Meg. Unbeknownst to Stewie, their hit-person is really an undercover officer for the Quahog Police Department. Stewie is immediately arrested, while Meg is moved to a safe location.
Which type of offense is Stewie guilty of committing?
Inchoate
British piggy, Peppa, has been living in New York City, which is across the pond from her home land of the United Kingdom. During her time in New York City, Peppa has made lots of friends, some of which work for the American Government. This is no surprise, as Peppa was hired to obtain intelligence and confidential information about the American government that involves National security. Though Peppa is clever, American Federal agents have been watching her. Upon returning to her apartment building after a stroll in Central Park, Federal agents arrest Peppa.
Which of the following offenses will Peppa be charged with? Select the most appropriate choice.
Espionage
Scooby Doo has been consuming a lot of snacks that have an illicit substance, which significantly alters his judgment. Because Scooby is in a hurry to get to his next mystery, he decides to get behind of the wheel of the Mystery Machine. On his way to meet the gang, Scooby swerves into the lane next to his and hits another car. The driver of the other vehicle is injured and Scooby is charged with vehicular assault.
Which level of mens rea has prosecution satisfied in this scenario? Select the most appropriate choice.
Reckless
Which of the following is an important element(s) relevant to using a criminal defense strategy of self defense in an incident where the defendant has employed deadly force ?
Level of threat matches the level of force
Jane Jetson has Lupus, which is a serious auto-immune disease. While at home with her daughter, Judy, Jane undergoes an attack. Jane really needs to go to the Orbit City Emergency Room, but Judy lost her license two months ago after being convicted of driving under the influence of space cake. Judy calls and texts her father, George, but is unable to reach him, as he is in an all-day meeting with his boss, Mr. Spacely. Judy then tries reaching out to her friends, but is unable to reach them. And top top it all off, the local Uber service is not in commission, as all drivers are on strike and EMS may take an hour. Without anymore options, Jane helps her mother into the family sky vehicle and they head to the hospital. While on the way to the hospital, they are pulled over by a law enforcement officer for speeding. During the stop, the law enforcement officer discovers Judy is operating a vehicle on a suspended license and thus, they take her into custody.
Which defense is Judy Jetson’s Defense Team likely to use in court? Select the most appropriate answer.
Necessity
Garfield is at a party, when he spots lasagna sitting on the kitchen counter. Garfield, being the lasagna connoisseur that he is, decides to help himself. After quickly scarfing down two squares of lasagna, Garfield’s judgment starts to become compromised. He starts hallucinating, thinking that everyone at the party are chickens out to attack him. Odie, Garfield’s best buddy in the whole world, noticed that Garfield’s demeanor has changed. He approaches Garfield, who responds by repeatedly violently attacking Odie. Witnesses at the party call 911, which leads to Garfield being arrested.
In court, Garfield’s Defense Team is likely to present a case with a defense of _______________________.
Involuntary Intoxication
Smurfette has a cocaine stash for personal use. New friend, Brainy Smurf, has been stopping by her mushroom cottage, asking if he can have some of her personal stash. Smurfette, who only has it for personal use and does not want to get into dealing, declines Brainy’s requests. Brainy continues to drop by Smurfette’s cottage, insisting on Smurfette to let him have some of her personal cocaine stash to sell for extra money. Brainy explains that he very behind in the mortgage and if he does not pay in 2 weeks, he will lose his cottage. Smurfette, worn down from Brainy’s attempts and severity of his situation, decides to give him some of her personal cocaine stash to sell. As soon as Smurfette hands the personal stash to Brainy, she is arrested.
Smurfette’s Defense Team is likely to use a defense of __________________.
Entrapment
Winnie the Pooh, in need of some of honey, decides to hijack the local honey truck in the Hundred Acre Wood. After hijacking the local honey truck with a honey dipper, Winnie is arrested, charged and convicted of aggravated vehicular hijacking. Owl, the Hundred Acre Wood Circuit Court Judge, sentences Winnie the Pooh to 5 years in the Hundred Acre Wood Medium-Level Security Prison. The Prosecutor, Rabbit, displeased with the level of punishment, seeks charges against Winnie the Pooh again for the same criminal incident.
Winnie’s Defense Team responds with a defense of __________________.
Double Jeopardy
A fight breaks out between Kermit, Fozzie, Beaker and Swedish Chef, which leaves Beaker severely injured. The Prosecutor, Miss Piggy, only seeks criminal charges against Kermit. Investigators that work for Kermit’s Defense Team, uncover very quickly that Miss Piggy has a history of only seeking charges against green defendants and making comments related to their ethnicity.
Kermit’s Defense Team is likely to employ the defense, __________________.
Selective Prosecution
Which defenses requires a person’s mental condition to be impaired during commission of the crime? Select the most appropriate choice.
Diminished Responsibility
Oscar the Grouch is charged with selling drugs out of his trash can. Oscar, who is known to sleep on the corner of 63rd and Sesame Street and Broadway, was awoken to police officers searching his can for drugs. After a quick search, law enforcement officers pull out a couple of bricks of heroin from Oscar’s can and arrest him. Oscar informs his Defense Team that he has never seen those bricks of heroin before. In fact, he is certain the bricks were not present until after the police started searching his can.
Oscar’s Defense Team will likely attempt to use what legal defense? Select the most appropriate choice.
Police Fraud
Powerpuff Girls, Buttercup and Bubbles, are super stressed. Their best pal, Blossom, was kidnapped by Mojo Jojo. Though smart and ethical in nature, Buttercup and Bubbles are desperate to get Blossom back. Mojo Jojo has given them 2 days to pay him $5 million dollars. Buttercup and Bubbles do not have $5 million dollars, nor do they know anyone who can loan them the money, Mojo Jojo has made it very clear that there is to be no “funny business,” which means no help from other super heroes, nor law enforcement. At a loss for options, Buttercup and Bubbles break into the Townsville Bank and steal $5 million dollars. Upon sneaking away from the bank, Buttercup and Bubbles are arrested.
The Defense Team for Buttercup and Bubbles will likely attempt to use what defense? Select the most appropriate choice.
Duress
It is a busy day at the Slate Rock and Gravel Company. There are many contractors who are assessing the current state of business. All contractors have brought their lunch pails with them. In the flux of the day, Fred Flintstone, picks up what he believes to be his pail and heads home. When Fred gets home, the Prehistoric Police are there to arrest him for theft of another contractor’s lunch pail.
Fred Flinstone’s Defense Team is likely to employ which defense? Select the most appropriate choice.
Mistake of Fact
Jessica Rabbit is having an argument with her husband, Roger Rabbit. Roger, who is jealous, saw Jessica talking to a customer at the night club where she is a singer. Roger starts berating Jessica with repeated verbal insults. Jessica, who is not only uncomfortable with Roger’s verbal insults and overall demeanor, but tired of dealing with them when he gets jealous, hits Roger with a baseball bat.
Jessica with the guidance of her Defense Team, may use the defense of ____________________.
Provocation
Louise Belcher is being tried for the murder of Jimmy Pesto, Jr. Louise’s legal team provides evidence that demonstrates Louise was at her family’s burger shop talking to regular, Teddy, during the timeframe the medical examiner estimated Jimmy Pesto, Jr’s murder to have occurred. More specifically, her legal team presents not only eye witness testimony, but camera footage showing Louise in the burger shop during the timeframe of Jimmy Pesto, Jr’s murder. As a result, the jury found Louise Belcher not guilty of Jimmy Pesto, Jr’s murder.
Two weeks later, prosecution seek new charges against Louise Belcher for the murders of two other neighborhood children, who were not only hanging out close to where Jimmy Pesto, Jr. was when he was murdered, but also during the same timeframe.
Louise’s Defense Team will likely use which defense to fight these new charges? Select the most appropriate answer.
Collateral Estoppel
________________ excludes from introduction at trial any evidence later developed as a result of an illegal search or seizure.
The fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine
___________ is a working partnership between citizens and the police.
Choose the most appropriate answer.
Community Policing
_________________ is the basic minimum element needed for an arrest under any circumstances.
Choose the most appropriate answer
Probable cause
_________________ is whenever a law enforcement officer restricts a person’s freedom to leave.
Choose the most appropriate answer.
Arrest
___________________________ focuses on the failure of officers to obtain warrants that authorize them to conduct searches or make arrests.
Choose the most appropriate answer.
The exclusionary rule.
_______________________ is the unbroken line of authority that extends through all levels of a police organization. Choose the most appropriate answer.
Choose the most appropriate answer.
The chain of command
A state law enforcement agency that distinguishes between traffic enforcement on state highways and state level functions follows which of the following models?
Choose the most appropriate answer.
Decentralized
In Mapp v. Ohio (1961), the U.S. Supreme Court extended ____________________ to the state court system and jurisdiction.
Choose the most appropriate answer.
The exlusionary rule
Which of the following amendments applies to Weeks v. U.S. (1914), Mapp v. Ohio (1961) and Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. U.S. (1920)?
Choose the most appropriate answer.
4th Amendment
Per the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Chimel v. California (1969), an arresting officer without a search warrant can search:
Choose the most appropriate answer.
the defendant and area within their immediate control
Lola Bunny shows up at the Toontown Police Department to file a report against Bugs Bunny for domestic violence. Lola shows Toontown officers places on her body where fur was missing and said the domestic assault happened in the rabbit hole she shared with Bugs. Lola takes the Toontown officers to the rabbit hole where she said the incident happened and lets them inside. While looking for Bugs Bunny in the rabbit hole, the Toontown officers not only find Bugs Bunny, but they find a substantial heap of psychedelic carrots - the highly illegal kind. The police arrest Bugs Bunny and the Toontown District Attorney charges him with domestic assault and possession of a controlled substance - again, those psychedelic carrots were super, highly illegal.
Bugs Bunny appeals that his 4th Amendment rights were violated, as Lola and Bugs ended their relationship 4 weeks prior and Lola was no longer inhabiting the same rabbit hole as Bugs. Therefore, Lola did not have the ability to provide access to Bugs’ rabbit hole and thus, the psychedelic carrots were illegally seized because the Toontown police officers did not have a warrant to search Bugs’ rabbit hole
Eventually, the case makes its way to the U.S. Supreme Court, who reviews it and determines:
Choose the most appropriate answer.
there was no violation of the 4th amendment, as the Toontown police officers were acting in good-faith, as they had reason to believe Lola shared the rabbit hole with Bugs. Therefore, the entry was lawful and evidence was seized legally.
Road Runner, who has been speeding around the Baja peninsula in Mexico on vacation for the last 6 weeks, is returning to the United States - After all, he cannot party forever. Sigh. When approaching the border to enter the United States, Road Runner is approached by U.S. Customs and Border Patrol agents who inform him that they are going to search his super fast Bugatti Chiron Super Sport 300+.
Road Runner, who went to law school - that’s right, he does not party all of the time - recalls that to search his vehicle, U.S. Customs and Borders officers need:
Choose the most appropriate answer
compelling interest. No warrant and no suspicion required.
Elmer Fudd, the Sheriff of Toontown County, suspects that Bugs Bunny is growing psychedelic carrots in his rabbit hole. Determined to bust Bugs, Elmer Fudd, consults Toontown County’s technology manager, Marvin the Martian. Based on Marvin’s insight, Elmer uses some of the Toontown County Sheriff Department’s budget to purchase some high-tech thermal-imaging devices.
After the new thermal-imaging devices come in and are tested, Elmer and some of his Toontown County deputies take the new technology over to Bugs Bunny’s rabbit hole and perform warrantless scans of it. Readings from the scans, which indicated unusual amounts of heat concentrated in specific locations within Bugs’ rabbit hole, were used to seize the psychedelic carrot plants being grown in Bugs Bunny’s rabbit hole. Ultimately, Bugs is arrested, charged and convicted of cultivation of psychedelic carrot plants.
Bugs Bunny appeals his conviction, which goes up the U.S. Supreme Court who rule:
Choose the most appropriate answer.
the search was a violation of Bugs Bunny’s 4th Amendment rights and thus, was an illegal search. In this situation, Toontown County Sheriff’s Department needed a warrant to use thermal imaging devices to perform a search of Bugs Bunny’s rabbit hole.
Hank Hill is a criminal investigator for Arlen County Sheriff’s Department in Texas. One day, Hank receives a tip from an anonymous informant that yoga instructor, Yogi Victor, is trafficking large amounts of rainbow fentanyl out of their yoga studio in McMaynerberry. The anonymous informant gives lots of specific details that seem reasonable to Hank Hill.
In turn, Hank Hill applies for a search warrant, which is reviewed by the judge overseeing felony cases in Arlen County. After reviewing the affidavit or request for a search warrant, the judge determines:
Choose the most appropriate answer
based on everything that Hank Hill and Arlen County Sheriff’s Department know, the information supplied by the anonymous informant appears to be believable, thus probable cause has been met for the warrant.
Ernie the Giant Chicken, who is a Detective for the Quahog Police Department, received information related to the home invasion robbery turned death of old man John Herbert. More specifically, word on the street - Spooner Street to be exact - is that Peter Griffin is responsible for these crimes. Peter Griffin was a neighbor of old man Herbert, so it made sense that he was to blame.
In response to this information, the Quahog Police Department Violent Crimes Task Force apprehend Peter Griffin and take him to the Quahog Police Department. Peter Griffin is then placed in an interrogation room, where he is deprived of Peanut Butter and Jelly Time, food, and bathroom breaks. During his time in custody, Peter is subjected to constant bright lights flashed in his face, while being directly questioned about the robbery-murder of old man Herbert. After being subjected to this for 36 hours, Peter Griffin breaks down and confesses to the robbery-murder of old man Herbert, which is used to convict him.
Peter Griffin ends up appealing his conviction, arguing that his _______________ Amendment rights were violated.
Choose the most appropriate answer.
5th Amendment
Which U.S. Supreme Court case forms the basis of the exclusionary rule?
Choose the most appropriate answer.
Weeks Vs U.S.
Detective Fozzie Bear is questioning Brooklyn residents in the Sesame Heights neighborhood about a recent rash of burglaries. Fozzie knocks on the apartment door of Dr. Bunsen Honeydew, who invites Fozzie inside. While in the formal living room of Dr. Honeydew’s swanky-modern apartment, Detective Fozzie Bear notices baggies of cocaine, along with other drug paraphernalia visibly sitting out on the tabletop of the bar . Detective Fozzie Bear takes the baggies of cocaine and other drug paraphernalia, and arrests Dr. Bunsen Honeydew.
In response to the criminal charges related to the seized evidence, Dr. Bunsen Honeydew’s defense team argues that it is a violation oh his 4th Amendment rights. The Court determines that:
Choose the most appropriate answer.
Detective Fozzie Bear legally seized the drug evidence, as it was in plain-view, where the police officer had a legal right to be in the space that Dr. Bunsen Honeydew invited him into.
Mickey Mouse, Senior Detective for the Mouseton Police Department, is granted an arrest warrant for Scrooge McDuck. Detective Mickey Mouse, along with his trusty partner, Pluto, go to Scrooge McDuck’s Mouseton mansion, where they find Scrooge McDuck alone in his upstairs mini vault, counting his gold coins. Detective Mickey Mouse arrests Scrooge McDuck and searches him. While Mickey Mouse is arresting Scrooge McDuck, Pluto, being the resource law enforcement officer that he his, proceeds to conduct a warrantless search throughout Scrooge’s house, fancy pool house, state of the art garage, bunker and his five Rolls Royce vehicles.
Per the 4th Amendment and Supreme Court precedent:
Choose the most appropriate answer.
the search of Scrooge McDuck and anything within his immediate control were legal. The searches conducted of Scrooge’s entire house, pool house, garage, bunker and vehicles were not.
Scooby Doo has been sniffing around the boutique biscuit treat shop in Crystal Cove. Velma Dinkley, a seasoned, veteran criminal investigator of the Crystal Cove Police Department, notices Scooby Doo repeatedly pacing around the biscuit treat shop and peering into the shop windows. Velma thinks to herself, “Jinkies!” something is up with this character. So, Investigator Velma Dinkley briefly stops Scooby Doo and proceeds with a light putdown of his outer fur coat. In the process, Investigator Velma Dinkley finds a firearm, which laters results in the arrest and later conviction of Scooby Doo for carrying a concealed weapon.
Scooby Doo, feeling wronged by the system, appeals his conviction on grounds that there was no probable cause to arrest him, nor search search him. The case landed with the U.S. Supreme Court, who determined:
Choose the most appropriate answer.
given the circumstances and experience of veteran criminal investigator, Velma Dinkley, her brief detention or stop to further investigate Scooby Doo and then, briefly search him, were both reasonable. In other words, there was not violation of Scooby Doo’s 4th amendment rights.
Per U.S. Supreme Court decision, ______________ is needed by the police or law enforcement officers to conduct investigatory stops and brief detentions of persons in the United States.
Choose the most appropriate answer.
Reasonable Suspicion
Warrantless searches of vehicles, boats and mobile homes by police and law enforcement officers are permitted by way of the ________ to the exclusionary rule.
Choose the most appropriate answer
fleeting targets exception
What is the importance of the 14th Amendment with respect to criminal procedure?
Choose the most appropriate answer.
It extends constitutional protections to state-level criminal justice.
