CJ ethics midterm Flashcards
teleological
an approach to ethics based on rightness or wrongness of actions by examining consequences
deontological
focusing on rightness or wrongness of a situation without taking anything else into consideration- duty based
utilitarianism
theory of morality that advocates for actions that cause the least amount of damage
2 types of officers
1- crime fighters
2- service providers
implicit bias
negative attitude/actions that one is not consciously aware of
explicit bias
individuals are aware of their bias
general obligations
a moral requirement to do or not to certain things
role obligations
moral requirements based on ones role or profession - doctors, police officers etc
epistemic dilemmas
when one has more than one dilemma and cannot decide which one is more important
ontological dilemmas
Same as epistemic but neither one is overlooked - neither one is more important
ethical egoism
if something thats good for you is good for everyone
virtue ethics
developing good habits or character is necessary to live a proper life -
applied/professional ethics
ethical rules based on specific careers - medical, law etc
norms
a standard pattern of social behavior
Voluntary false confession
given without pressure from the police
Coerced compliant confession
confesses in order to stop abuse from police
Coerced internalized confession
the person is convinced they committed the crime so they confess
whistleblowing
Whistleblowing is the lawful disclosure of information a discloser reasonably believes evidences wrongdoing to an authorized recipient .
contingencies
moral/ethically challenging situations for police officers- can lead to corruption
profiling
looking for certain characteristics or actions
moral dumbfoundedness
Moral dumbfounding purportedly occurs when a person makes a moral judgment in a particular situation, admits to being unable to adequately defend that judgment or decision with reasons and arguments, but still remains obstinately and steadfastly committed to that initial judgment
temperament person
Refers to personality traits that determine how they react in a situation
continent person
act for their own benefit
principle of dbl effect
According to the principle of double effect, sometimes it is permissible to cause a harm as an unintended and merely foreseen side effect (or “double effect”) of bringing about a good result even though it would not be permissible to cause such a harm as a means to bringing about the same good end.
principle of respect
Human subjects must be treated as autonomous and able to make responsible choices. R
principle of right desires
follow someones lead and make decisions that are inherently good
internal control mechanisms
guide and monitor ethical organizational behaviors and enable businesses to comply with ethical principles and rules
what fallacy is thinking that yours is better with no true reasoning
mine-is-better
fallacy - using different criteria to judge others than you use for yourself
error of double standards
fallacy - carelessly reading into a case where certain facts are left out or misinterpreted - being sloppy
unwarranted assumptions
fallacy - problematic and occurs when we go beyond making the facts in the case manageable and end up distorting them.
oversimplification
fallacy - people displaying knee-jerk reactions to situations
hasty conclusions
fallacy - occurs when you argue that what you’ve done, al-though wrong, is still acceptable because others are either doing the same thing or something similar.
tu quoque
fallacy - which says that morality is a product of numbers: if a large portion of one’s group is engaging in a particular behavior, that alone makes the behavior acceptable
moral conventionalism
fallacy - the theory of jurisprudence and the philosophy of law which holds that laws may be used to prohibit or require behavior based on society’s collective judgment of whether it is moral.
legal moralism
fallacy - occurs when one argues that certain behaviors or actions are morally permissible because those behaviors benefit (are prudent for) an individual or group
moral prudentialism
fallacy - describes how we unconsciously lower our ethical standards over time through small changes in behavior
slippery slope
fallacy - involves appealing to certain popular prejudices and
biases shared by members of a group
an argument to the people
fallacy - a clue that is meant to be misinterpreted or misleading
red herring
