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APUSH (Shoam's cards) > Civil war & reconstruction > Flashcards

Civil war & reconstruction Flashcards

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1
Q

Habeas Corpus

A
  • forces government authorities to justify their arrest and detention of an individual.
  • requires that a prisoner be brought before a court to determine legality of imprisonment.
  • During the Civil War, Lincoln suspended habeas corpus to stop protests against the draft and other anti-Union activities.
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2
Q

Confederacy

A
  • seceded southern states
  • called themselves the Confederate States of America
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3
Q

Telegraph

A
  • allowed for long-distance transmission of morse code messages using electrical signals, through a wire
  • took just seconds to send and transcribe a message, much faster than traditional communication methods such as letters
  • invented by Samuel Morse
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4
Q

13th amendment

A
  • freed remaining slaves after emancipation proclamation
  • enshrined in the United States Constitution that slavery was illegal in America
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5
Q

14th amendment

A
  • stated that the “privileges and immunities of citizens shall not be abridged by states
  • granted citizenship to all persons “born or naturalized in the United States,” including formerly enslaved people
  • Provided a guarantee of (racial) equality before the law
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6
Q

15th amendment

A
  • allowed black men to vote
  • states that the vote may not be denied to someone based on “race, color, or previous condition of servitude”
  • White suffragettes got angryy
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7
Q

Klu Klux Klan

A
  • White supremacist group
  • terrorized black voters
  • killed black families
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8
Q

White League

A
  • paramilitary organization aligned with the Democratic Party
  • played a central role in the overthrow of Republican rule and intimidation of African Americans in Louisiana during Reconstruction.
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9
Q

Carpetbaggers

A
  • Northerners who moved to the south after the war to profit off of the misfortune of southerners or to “help the freedmen adjust to their new lives”
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10
Q

Scallywags

A
  • White Southerners who supported the Republican Party during the Reconstruction Era.
  • included white Southern farmers, those who supported freedmen, and former members of the defunct Whig Party.
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11
Q

Black Codes

A
  • used to restrict black peoples freedom, and imposed harsh labor contracts on them to get them to work for either low or no wages.
  • designed to replicate conditions of slavery
  • segregated public facilities.
  • precursor to the Jim Crow laws
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12
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A
  • laws that segregated public facilities such as railroad cars, bathrooms, and schools
  • relegated black people to second class status in the south
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13
Q

Freedmen’s Bureau

A
  • congressional support agency providing food, clothing and education for freed slaves
  • funded by taxes which southerners didn’t like
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14
Q

Sharecropping

A
  • system of agriculture where a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crop
    produced on land.
  • widespread response to the economic upheaval caused by emancipation of slaves
  • put freedman in debt and living conditions were similar to slavery
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15
Q

Poll tax:

A
  • a tax of a fixed amount per person, must pay for the right to vote
  • used to restrict black people from voting
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16
Q

Literacy test

A
  • A test administered as a precondition for voting
  • used to prevent black people from exercising their right to vote.
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17
Q

Grandfather Clause

A
  • a provision that allowed a voter to avoid a literacy test if his ancestors had voted before 1867
  • allowed illiterate white males to vote
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18
Q

Anaconda Plan

A
  • Plan for civil war by union general-in-chief Winfield Scott
  • emphasized the blockade of Southern ports and called for an advance down the Mississippi River
  • Goal: cut off and isolate the south from the outside world.
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19
Q

Appomattox Courthouse

A
  • site of the Battle of Appomattox Courthouse.
  • where the surrender of the Confederate Army under Robert E. Lee To Ulysses S. Grant took place on April 9, 1865.
  • marks the beginning of the country’s transition to peace and reunification
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20
Q

Battle of Antietam

A
  • the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil
  • a lottt of casualties, very bloody
  • The Union victory persuaded Great Britain and France to remain neutral and enabled Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
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21
Q

Battle of Bull Run

A

First major battle of the Civil War and a victory for the South, it dispelled Northern illusions of a swift victory

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22
Q

Battle of Fredericksburg

A
  • Fought between the United States of America and the Confederate States of America from December 11 to December 15, 1862
  • Confederate troops were outnumbered but won the battle anyway.
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23
Q

Battle of Gettysburg

A
  • major turning point in the civil war
  • after Gettysburg the Confederacy was in retreat
24
Q

Battle of Vicksburg

A
  • Important Union victory
  • union forces gained control of the Mississippi River cutting the confederacy in two
25
Q

Emancipation Proclamation

A
  • freed slaves in the rebellious and border states
  • moved the focus of the war from preserving the union to emancipating slaves
  • moved north to victory in that it
    opened up the possibility of enlisting African Americans as soldiers
26
Q

Enlistment Act and Riots

A
  • violet riots in nyc due to the white working-class’s discontent with new laws passed by Congress that year to draft men to fight in the ongoing American civil war.
  • particularly upset about upper class paying $300 fee to avoid draft
27
Q

Gettysburg Address

A
  • Lincoln reminds audience that the founding principle of our nation was “all men are created equal” and those ideals were being tested
  • He dedicates Gettysburg as a cemetery to the men who lost their lives in combat and that they did not die in vain, the men died protecting those ideals
  • Uses language from the declaration of independence
28
Q

Suspension of Habeas Corpus

A

During the Civil War, Lincoln suspended habeas corpus to stop protests against the draft and other anti-Union activities.

29
Q

Assassination of Lincoln

A

United States President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth while attending the play Our American Cousin at Ford’s Theatre as the American Civil War was drawing to a close.

30
Q

Impeachment of Andrew Johnson

A
  • republicans in congress disagreed with Johnson vetoing their reconstruction plans so they voted to impeach him
  • charged with violating the Tenure of office Act: you can’t fire cabinet members without senate approval
  • he was found not guilty but the procedure rendered Johnson powerless to stop congress’s reconstruction plans
31
Q

Plessy vs Fergusson

A
  • case stemmed from an 1892 incident in which African American train passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a car for Black people.
  • U.S. Supreme Court decision supporting the legality of Jim Crow laws that permitted or required “separate but equal” facilities for blacks and whites
  • Made “separate but equal” a thing
32
Q

Compromise of 1877

A
  • informal, unwritten deal that settled the disputed 1876 U.S. Presidential election
  • Republican Rutherford B. Hayes won on the understanding that he would remove the federal troops from South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana.
  • resulted in the US federal government pulling the last troops out of the South, and formally ended the Reconstruction Era.
33
Q

Stephen Douglass

A
  • An American politician from Illinois that designed the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
  • He won the election for senator of Illinois after the famous Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858.
  • was a believer in popular sovereignty
34
Q

Jefferson Davis

A

An American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865.

35
Q

Robert E Lee

A
  • General of the Confederate troops
  • led much of the South’s successes
  • was defeated at Antietam in 1862 when he retreated across the Potomac; this halt of Lee’s troops justified Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation
  • was defeated at Gettysburg by General Mead’s Union troops
  • surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865.
36
Q

Ulyses S Grant

A
  • The 18th president of the United States
  • successful military commander in the Civil War.
  • He and the Union army defeated the Confederates leading to the surrender of Robert E. Lee’s army at the Appomattox Court House.
37
Q

Frederick Douglass

A
  • escaped from slavery
  • became a leader of an abolitionist movement and became the most famous black abolitionist.
  • helped others escape slavery through the underground railroad
  • wrote three autobiographies, describing his experiences as an enslaved person
38
Q

Andrew Johnson

A
  • 17th President of the United States
  • was vice president, when Lincoln was killed he became president.
39
Q

Thaddeus Stevens

A
  • congressman who was a dominant member of the Radical Republicans
  • Crafted Congressional Reconstruction policies after the American Civil War
  • advocated for abolition and later, the extension of civil rights to freed blacks.
40
Q

Susan B Anthony

A
  • prominent feminist, educator, and civil rights advocate
  • conducted campaigns, went to conventions and filed petitions for women’s rights and anti-slavery, pro civil rights efforts
  • At a New York State Teachers’ Convention she calls for education for women and Blacks.
41
Q

Rutherford B Hays

A
  • 19th president of the United States
  • Compromise of 1877
42
Q

Acquisition of the Mexican cession and the slavery question

A

The question of whether slavery would exist in the newly acquired territories (Texas, provinces of California & New Mexico) continued to generate national controversy in the 1850s

43
Q

American victory in the Mexican-American war & The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

A

Mexico government signed the treaty giving up its claims to the disputed territory in Texas and agreeing to sell provinces of California and New Mexico (Mexican Cession) to the united states

44
Q

Compromise of 1850

A
  • New state California applied for statehood as a free state which southern senators objected to
    Compromise:
  • admittance of California as a free state
  • more stringent slave law
  • New Mexico & Utah decide slavery based on popular sovereignty
45
Q

Kansas-Nebraska Act

A
  • the act called for dividing northern section of louisiana purchse into two states Kansas & Nebraska
  • allowed for the possibility of slavery in these states (popular sovereignty) which were formerly free states due to the Missouri compromise
  • ruffled northerners feathers
46
Q

Election of 1860

A
  • Lincoln who won was supported heavily by northern states which held a lot of political power due to their large populations
  • South feels like they aren’t being represented equally and see Lincoln’s wish to stop the spread of slavery as a threat
47
Q

Technology Lincoln used to win

A
  • Telegraph: the ability to receive information quickly from distant locations allowed Lincoln to make strategic decisions based on up-to-date intelligence
  • Railroads: Lincoln’s secret weapon he used to transport troops & supplies to the battlefront quickly which the South did not have. Lincoln built new railroads in the north
48
Q

Popular sovereignty

A

the idea that the question of slavery should be left to the people of a particular territory

49
Q

What motivated the south to secede from the union

A
  • Election of 1860 and the fear of the abolition of slavery
  • Compromise of 1850 & other attempts at compromising didn’t really work to please either the north or south
  • South felt it was unfair that the north has more political power (due to their larger population)
50
Q

South advantages in the war

A
  • Fought on their land
  • Highly qualified military generals such as Robert E Lee
  • Able to produce lots of food with its vast lands
51
Q

North advantages in the war

A
  • Industrialization: manufactured 97% of county’s goods (including firearms)
  • Railroads
  • Greater population than south
  • already has established government & military
  • Navy, was able to block southern ports
  • North has some farms while south has mostly cash crops (which you can’t eat)
52
Q

Congress approach to reconstruction

A
  • Reconstruction acts of 1867: divided south into 5 military districts. To rejoin they must guarantee rights to black people
  • Wanted Wade-Davis Bill: requires 50% of the voters in a state to sign a loyalty oath to the US before reconstruction could begin
53
Q

Andrew Johnson’s approach to reconstruction

A
  • Pro-south, no cares for the republican party or emancipation & equality for black people
  • Recognized the new southern state governments as legitimate after they renounced secession & ratified the 13th Amendment
  • Vetoed Republican congress’s acts
    Very lenient towards the south
54
Q

Lincoln’s 10% plan

A

if 10% of the 1860 vote count in a southern state took an oath of allegiance to the US & promised to abide by emancipation then that state could establish a new government and send representatives to Congress.

55
Q

Missouri Compromise

A

an agreement reached in 1820 between Northern and Southern states in the United States that admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state

APUSH (Shoam's cards) (1 decks)

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