Civil War Flashcards
When was the Emancipation Proclamation declared? What did it say? What were the impacts?
On Sept. 22nd 1862, Lincon issued the Emancipation Proclamation which declared that all the slaves in any state still in rebellion on January 1st, would be forever freed. It did not affect the slaves in the Northern border states and didn’t free the Southern slaves until those states were effectively under Northern control.
Despite the “loopholes”, the document meant the end of slavery in the U.S. The North now had a moral cause to fight for.
What was the morale of the Union forces in 1863 and why?
By 1863, the morale of the Union soldiers and citizens was shrinking. The previous two years had been disastrous for them because of the South winning majority of the battles and the Union taking on many casualties.
The Battle of Fredericksburg was one of the largest and deadliest battles of the Civil War and led to the death of 12,500 Union Soldiers.
The Union was unhappy with its current commander “General Burnside” who didn’t provide resources to his men.
What was the major facotor in the changing of the morale of the Union forcies in 1863?
The Union was unhappy with its current commander “General Burnside” who didn’t provide resources to his men.
They replaced him with General Joseph Hooker, “fighting Joe”, and his leadership led to 3 major battles that provided a “turning point” in the war.
What was the outcome and impact of the battle of Chancellorsville?
The Union was unprepared and was defeated. However, in battle, Stonewall Jackson was shot and died a few days later.
Stonewall’s death was the major turning point here. His death not only affected the Confederacy’s morale, it affected their future plans. Without his tactical experience and ideas, the Confederates lost a major advantage.
What was the outcome and impact of the battle of Gettysburg?
Without Stonewall, the Confederate military was weaker. They had no leadership or tactical knowledge and this led to high casualties. The south lost Gettysburg because of this.
The loss of the Battle of Gettysburg was a “huge blow” to the southern morale. The confederates lost thousands of men who couldn’t be replaced so late in the game and their economy was hurt as well. The government decides to sell bonds but that damages the economy more.
What was the outcome and impact of the battle of Vicksburg?
One day after the end of the Battle of Gettysburg, the Union gets a win at Vicksburg by gaining control of the Mississippi River after a 6 month siege.
Although the war would continue for 2 more years, this victory marked the “beginning of the end” for the Confederacy. This gave the Union hope and with the control of the Mississippi River the Union got what they wanted, the Confederacy was divided and Texas and New Mexico were isolated.
What was the outcome and impact of the battle of Chickamauga?
In August of 1863, the Union army began to move on Chattanooga, Bragg who was defending this city, was not in the same class as Lee and Jackson. He had no self confidence or power and he evacuated Chattanooga without firing a single shot in his defense. The Union army advanced without stopping and the two armies met near Chickamauga Creek.
Chickamauga was the last major Confederate victory because Bragg failed to follow it up. He tried to take his army into position in Chattanooga to begin a siege but the North had troops it could send to help.
What was the outcome and impact of the battle of Chattanooga?
Chattanooga was a key Confederate city after Vicksburg was captured. The city was a “western door” to the Confederacy.
The Battle of Chattanooga gave the Union control of Tennessee and an upper hand in the west.
What was the outcome and impact of the battle of “The Wilderness”?
The Army of Potomac went into Virginia in May of 1864 and came through an area called the “Wilderness” which was a heavily wooded area where Lee decided to attack because in there the Union couldn’t use their only advantage, their numbers.
The battle was “mass confusion” and the Union lost over 17,000 men in only two days and neither side could claim victory.
What was Grant appointed to do. Did he succede?
In 1864 Grant was given command of all Union forces. He was given the task of destroying two major Confederate armies:
* One in Tennessee now under Joseph Johnston
* The Army of Northern Virginia under Lee
Grant assigned someone else to handle the Tennessee army and went to Northern Virginia himself to handle Lee.
In 1865 at Appomattox Court House Lee chooses to surrender to Grant.
What was the outcome and impact of the battle of Cold Harbor?
Grantt decided to make a strong frontal attack instead of continuing to go “around”.
He sent about a dozen assaults at the Confederate lines, all failed. This resulted in a loss of 7,000 in half an hour.
The slow progress of his attack on Lee earned Grant the name “Butcher Grant” and it was said he had no regard for human life but he didn’t care, he had one job, to defeat Lee, and he would keep at it until it was finished.
What was the outcome and impact of the battle of Petersburg?
Most of the confederacy used this rail junction and if Grant captured it, the capital would be at his mercy. Lee, however, had time to set up defenses.
The campaign consisted of nine months of trench warfare in which Union assaulted Petersburg unsuccessfully and then constructed trench lines that eventually extended over 30 miles (48 km) from the eastern outskirts of Richmond, Virginia, to around the eastern and southern outskirts of Petersburg.
Lee finally gave in to the pressure and abandoned both cities (Petersburg and Richmond) in April 1865, leading to his retreat and surrender at Appomattox Court House.
What was the “March to the Sea”
William Tecumseh Sherman’s union troops marched out of Atlanta towards Savana.
It took about a month.
As they advanced they destroyed Georgia’s infrastructure: Burned bridges, Blew up tunnels, Destroyed railroad tracks.
What was the outcome and impact of the battle of Savanna?
Savannah was defended by 10,000 PREPARED Confederate troops under the command of General William Hardee.
Hardee’s garrison escaped on a hastily built pontoon bridge over the Savannah River.
On December 21, the mayor of Savannah and some aldermen approached Sherman with an offer to surrender
What lead to war’s end and when?
Grant attacks Five Forks which controlled Lee’s last remaining supply line.
The Confederate defenders were “spread too thin” and their lines broke. Lee ordered a retreat and informed Jefferson Davis he could no longer protect Richmond.
With losses and lack of supplies, Lee realizes he has no choice but to surrender to Grant. He does so at Appomattox Court House on April 10, 1865.
For all practical purposes, the war was over. Joseph Johnston realizes he had no hope of continuing alone, he surrenders to Sherman
What was the last battle of the Cival War?
The last battle of the war was fought near Brownsville, Texas. Federal troops arrived in Galveston, Texas on June 19th to take control of the state and ensure that all enslaved people were freed. “Juneteenth” is celebrated today- this marked the end of slavery.
What were the costs and benifits of the Civil War?
The Civil War cost the U.S over 600,000 men.
Slavery was ended.
The notion that a state could leave the Union was abandoned.The U.S was again one nation and its government was stronger than ever before.
Who killed Lincon?
“deranged actor” John Wilkes Booth
