Civil War Flashcards
Missouri compromise
A compromise that allowed Missouri to be admitted to the union as a slave state, and Maine to be admitted as a free state. This maintains the equal number of slave states and free states. For western territories not yet admitted, the 36’30 latitude line became the border with free states north of it and slaves states south of it.
compromise of 1850
The north and south were in a heated debate over whether California should be admitted as a free state or a slave state. There’s 3630 line California, so that did not work. California wanted to be a free, but no other states were asking to be admitted. Henry Clay known as the great compromiser consequently try to work out a solution. He proposed that would be added as a free state, the fugitive slave law would be strengthened, no buying or selling slaves in DC and Utah Mexico would decide slavery using popular sovereignty.
Fugitive slave act of 1850
this required northerners to collect runaway slaves and return them to their owners. Government officials could arrest, accused slaves, and they did not have the right to trial by jury.
Uncle Tom’s cabin
Book written by Harriet, preacher Stowe, describing slave life. It was the best seller in the north and changed minds of neutrals, but south claimed it was propaganda.
Kansas, Nebraska act
Proposed by Stephen Douglas gave popular sovereignty to Kansas and Nebraska to organize land for a northern railroad: cripple, Missouri compromise and compromise of 1850
Dred Scott decision
Rule the African-Americans were not citizens and did not have the right to sue. Ruled that Congress did not have the constitutional authority to ban slavery from the states. They also ruled that the Missouri compromise was unconstitutional. Lincoln believes that if black rights were taken away, the white people would someday be suppressed.
John Brown’s raid
John Brown was considered a terrorist in the south and a martyr in the north. He attempted to raid harpers ferry to steal a weaponry and arm slaves, but his family was killed in the process. He hoped to be his flavorful because he was against
Fort Sumter
The first battle of the Civil War
This occurred on April 12, 1861
South Carolina government decided to siege the 100 federal troops into surrendering the fort fort. Lincoln sent a supply ship to try and get resources to the troops, and South Carolina considered this an act of war. At 4:30 AM, the confederates fired 3341 shell at the fort and Anderson surrendered to the confederates, and they won.
Disadvantages for both sides
The north had no clear emotional cause, had to fight an offensive war, and inexperienced military.
The south disadvantages were there were a few factories, smaller population, lacked infrastructure, and lacked food
Advantages for both sides
advantages for the north, where they had a larger population, more money, vas, railroad system, factories, food, and communication infrastructure
Advantages for the south: they got to fight a defensive war, they had an emotional cause, they had excellent military leaders
military technology
They had greater weapons. They had Minie ammunition, which had grooves in the bullets, which fired better accuracy. They had cannons with longer range. They also had ironclads.
Antietam
It was a technical victory for the union because the confederates retreated. There’s a tremendous loss for both sides due to casualties, and is known as the bloodiest single day battle in American history. This led to the emancipation proclamation.
emancipation proclamation
The emancipation changed the war from being a war to keep the union together to a war to free the slaves. Lincoln believed that slaves were free in states that seated from the union and made this clear in his proclamation. Lincoln advises the slaves to not be violent and get a job that pays them.free slaves also could join the military according to the proclamation.
Gettysburg
he moved his man back to the union territory, and he hoped this would force a peace journey. If not, he hoped that the European countries would eat the confederates. He went to Pennsylvania in untouched farmland, and in total they were 51,000 to 53,000 casualties. That as many as three casualties in three days as a seven years of Vietnam. Lee retreated in hospital wagon stretch 15 miles. It was a union victory.
Gettysburg address
Lincoln spoke for two minutes and 271 words speech. The person before him spoke for two hours. Lincoln said the almanac created equal is a proposition because there is a large slave population. He said that soldiers die trying to help America reaches promise to be a representative government that actually guarantees freedom to everybody
William Tecumseh Sherman
led the Mars to the sea, asked to push through the south. He helped carry out total war. 
total war
The channeling of the nations entire resources into a war effort Lincoln destroyed everything in the south to tempt to finish the war once and for all.
Appomattox courthouse
Grant and Lee method to discuss the confederate surrender. Lincoln said to leave the general alone and not imprison them, but to treat them honorably and liberally. Lincoln wanted to show the enemies kindness so that it would be easier to rebuild the union.
John Wilkes Booth
Was an American stage actor who assassinated Abraham Lincoln. This happened at Ford Theatre in Washington DC on April 14, 1865. The crowd interrupted with laughter and he shot Lincoln slit another man’s throat and escaped on a horse through an unguarded bridge.
Ford theater
this is where Lincoln was assassinated. He was watching a play that night in a special box area. 
Reconstruction
Reconstruction is the process of trying to rebuild the south economy, society, and infrastructure. Lincoln had plans to fix the destruction because the south could not survive in those conditions.
Lincoln 10% plan
- Former confederate taken oath and pledge of allegiance to the union.
- Expand suffrage.
- States outlawed slavery, allowed to join the union again.
Radical Republicans plan
The first part was, you must count for land redistribution
The second part was full suffrage, not just expand
The third part is all that had to be canceled and confederate rights also had to be canceled
Friedmans bureau
Issuing food rations
Teaching free women to sew
Friedman school
Medical care
Employment aid
Shelter
Andrew Johnson
Vice president when Lincoln was assassinated. He became the president after the assassination. He held similar beliefs to Lincoln. Johnson made his own reconstruction plan that many thought was generous towards the south.
Johnson’s reconstruction plan
required southern states to write a new state constitution and establish a state governments
Didn’t have to have a certain percent of loyal people
Allowed former confederate officials to vote and be able to elect into Congress
State had to abolish slavery and ratify the 13th amendment.
military reconstruction acts
Split the south into five districts under military role lead by former union generals. African-Americans and few groups of white people were allowed to vote. Lead or Republican controlled government in the south and election of African-Americans into legislative positions
13th amendment
Abolished slavery within the United States and all of its territories
14th amendment
All persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens
States may not deprive a person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law
Cannot deny to any person within his jurisdiction, the equal protection of the law.
15th amendment
The right to vote cannot be denied based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
Share croppers
rented tools and animals from their landowner
Worked the land at their own expense
Agreed to pay owner between half and 2/3 of the crop after the harvest
The KKK
A para military group originally founded by Confederate soldiers, whose goal was to restore south to its original ways. They attacked and threaten people to keep all blacks and Republicans from voting.
redeemers
Southern democratic politicians who sought to rest control from Republican regimens in the south after reconstruction
Jim Crow laws
laws made to separate Black people and white people in public areas. They enforce segregation inequality.
convict leasing
Many southerners, convicted, African-Americans, and some white people of crimes and then sentenced them to long periods of labor
Black codes
Limited the rights of African-Americans
Some common laws were:
Restrictions against Black people working in certain businesses
Black people living in certain parts of town
Black people carry guns
Black people testifying against white people
