Civil War Flashcards
When was the English civil war?
1642 to 1651
What were the three main causes of the civil war?
Religion, Economic, Political
Who was king in charge during the civil war?
Charles 1
What were the 7 main issues and put them in cause order?
Religion -
1. Divine Right - chosen by God to rule
2. Henrietta Maria - Catholic, he could marry whoever he wanted
3. English Book of Prayers - charles demanded scots use for their services
4. Charles and Archbishop of Canterbury - more ornate churches
Political
5. Dissolving parliament to stop them from meeting (7 years)
6. Charles attended parliament without consent to arrest 5 mps
Economic
7. Ship tax - introduced ship tax to all of England to pay for war
What religion was the country in 1500/1600 (during Charles 1 reign?
In 1500 england was a roman catholic
Protestant reformation swept through europe in 1500s
By 1530 england was protestant under king henry 8
By 1600 england was protestant
When was parliament not in power during charles 1 reign?
11 years from 1629-1640
What happened during Charles 1 reign / what caused the first english civil war?
1625 he married a french catholic, henrietta maria
1629 He stopped parliament for 11 years
1634 raised ship tax as couldnt raise taxes
1633 william laud made churches plainer / more catholic eg stone altars
1637 introduced new prayer book in scotland who were puritans
1640 scottish were angry and invaded north england, so charles looked for money for army
1640 charles went to parliament and had to agree to meet with parliament every three years
1641 grand remonstrance (200 demands) for charles to reform/change
1642 charkes tried to arrest 5 mps but then declared war
What are the key events of the first civil war?
Roundheads (parliament) vs cavaliers (king)
1642 battle of edgehill - neither side won as army not capable
1642-1645 first two years, charles won however Fairfax and Cromwell hired professional army
1645 battle of naseby - new model army (professional army led by fairfax) assembled by parliament and royalists lost
Charles went to Scotland
1647 scots turned charles in to parliamemt £100k
What are key events of second civil war?
1647 - Charles escaped Hampton Court and returned to Scotland.
1648 - lots of uprisings with royalists defeated. Charles captured again. Tried to negotiate but Oliver Cromwell refused and executed charles in 1649.
