Civil War Flashcards

1
Q

causes of civil war

A
slavery
secession
state's rights
election 1860
missouri compromise
kansas-nebraska act
fugitive slave act
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2
Q

union strategies at start of civil war

A

anaconda plan: blockade all major southern ports
control mississippi river
build large army to defend D.C. (so england wont support south)

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3
Q

Confederate strategies at start of civil war

A

outlast union (prolong war)
receive foreign support (political recognition from brit)
fight on northern soil
force union to take high casualties

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4
Q

Abraham Lincoln

A

us pres during civil war

early goal strictly preserve union

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5
Q

Jefferson Davis

A

confederate pres

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6
Q

Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston

A

1st csa commander b4 Lee

killed at shiloh - lee takes over from here

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7
Q

Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard

A

cas artillery commander at Ft. Sumter and Bull Run

starts war by ordering 1st shot fired

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8
Q

Gen. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson

A

csa
Lee’s 2nd in command
gets name at 1st bull run
killed by own men at Chancellorsville

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9
Q

Gen. Irvin McDowell

A

1st union commander

commander at 1st bull run

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10
Q

Gen. Robert E. Lee

A

csa overall commander after Albert - 1862 and on

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11
Q

Gen. George McClellan

A

union gen
was a commander 2x (relieved and then back)
too cautious

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12
Q

Gen. James Longstreet

A

csa
2nd in command after stonewall jackson
tries to dissuade Lee from assault on day 3 of Gettysburg

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13
Q

Gen George Meade

A

Union gen at Gettysburg

wins but is replaced right after

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14
Q

Col Robert Gould Shaw

A

led 54th Massachusetts Infantry

unsuccessful attack on ft wagner

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15
Q

Gen. U.S. Grant

A
union
fought in shiloh (1st major battle)
unconditional surrender
developed strategy to defeat lee
would advance the next day even when stopped by lee
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16
Q

Gen William T. Sherman

A

union
Grant’s 2nd in command
devised total war - Sherman’s March to the Sea

17
Q

Col Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain

A

union
ordered bayonet charge at Little Round Top during day 2 Gettysburg
saves union on day 2 gettysburg

18
Q

ft sumter significance

A

start of war - 1st shots fired
csa lay siege/bombardment
union defeat

19
Q

1st Manassas / Bull Run

A

1st battle
lots of confusion
union defeat

20
Q

Shiloh

A

1st major battle
people realize war will be long
union victory

21
Q

Sharpsburg/Antietam

A

Lee’s 1st attempt to invade north
bloodiest battle for us history
McClellan had lee’s battle plans but was still too cautious
tactical draw, union “victory”
used to announce emancipation proclamation

22
Q

Vicksburg

A

one of turning points of war
union seige
union victory
union control of mississippi complete

23
Q

Chancellorsville

A
lee's greatest victory (union defeat)
lee split army into 3 - circle and envelop
makes lee think his men are invincible
led him to want to make another invasion
jackson dies here
24
Q

gettysburg

A
bloodiest battle of civil war
csa attack on both flanks and then center
major union victory
lee's 2nd attempt to invade north
3 days long
25
Q

ft wagner

A

54th massachusetts inspire black enlistments
union defeat
1/2 regiment wiped out

26
Q

hampton roads

A

1st meeting of ironclads

shootout and draw

27
Q

which 2 battles were the turning point of the civil war in union favor?

A

Vicksburg and Gettysburg - happened within 1 day of each other

28
Q

Sherman’s March to the Sea

A

total war begins
went south w/o supply lines
atlanta to savanah to columbia S.C.
fight as they go

29
Q

Cold Harbor

A

disastrous union defeat
Grant now commander of union
only one he regrets ordering
union frontal assault against csa trenches

30
Q

Petersburg

A
foreshadowed trenches in WW1
union victory
end of civil war
petersburg was railroad hub
battle of the crater was at petersburg
31
Q

how was civil war the 1st modern war?

A
modern weapons: machine guns, submarines, ironclad ships, repeating rifles
trains for supplies/men
trench warfare
1st photographed war
csa Hunley was 1st sub to sink a ship
32
Q

reason for high casualties

A

better weapons, outdated strategies

33
Q

side with overall best military leaders

A

CSA

34
Q

how to avoid (legally) being drafted

A

North: pay for substitutes
South: slave owners exempt

35
Q

Citizen reaction to union draft

A

riots in NY
Lincoln suspends Writ of Habeas Corpus (arrested and detained indefinitely)
sent army to NY to stop riots

36
Q

where terms of surrender signed

A

appomattox court house (town name)

37
Q

grant’s terms

A

generous
paroled all soldiers
(gen demanded unconditional surrender)

38
Q

what unites the nation after civil war?

A

Spanish-American War 1898

39
Q

effects of civil war

A

union preserved

powers of fed gov strengthened and state’s rights weakened