Civil Rights under Truman Flashcards
Significance of Phillip Randolph
Led CORE from its creation in 1942
He successfully used his influence to make FDR pass the FEPC and Truman to desegregate the military.
He also co-organised the 1963 March on Washington and was the first speaker there.
FEPC
Fair Employment Practices Committee
Established to help enforce order in the workforce on 25 June 1941
What were the Jim Crow laws?
Established from 1876- 1965 at the state or local level which made it illegal for black people to share the same facilities as white people
What Supreme court case allowed ‘separate but equal’ ?
1896 Plessy vs. Ferguson case that states can provide separate but equal facilities. In reality, black people’s facilities were inferior.
Typical African American in the South
Worked in menial jobs or agricultural occupations roles while always closely watched by the white population.
When was the Nation of Islam established?
Established in 1930
Belief of the Nation of Islam?
From 1934 it was led by Elijah Muhammed.
Its doctrines included that the first man was black and that white men had been created by an evil scientist Yakub.
The Movement also preached ‘self-reliance’ and ‘self-respect’ encouraging black people to reject drinking to drugs and to only shop at black-owned shops.
After the death of Malcolm X, the movement declined in 1965 but the organization was still running
How did prejudice exist in the North?
Segregated through economic segregation, social pressure, and ghettoization.
How many AA lived outside the South in 1900? Why did it increase in the 1940s and 50s
Only 8 % of AA Americans lived outside the South. But after the Great Migration in the 1940s 1.4 million AA left the South and in the 1950s a further 1.1 million left.
Why did the Great Migration occur?
Fear of the revived Ku Klux Klan
The mechanization of agriculture
The creation of huge numbers of factory jobs in the North
Malcom X
He joined the Nation of Islam in 1948 during his time in prison due to a robbery for 10 years ( justice system was harsher to AA)
Appearance in a TV documentary THE hate that hate produced in 1959 where he espoused a confrontational attitude towards white people
He was assassinated in 1965 after he broke away from the Nation of Islam.
Black Sportsman and Artists
Jackie Robinson became the first baseball player in Major League Baseball in 1947 and was awarded MVP in 1949
Joe Louis was held world heavy boxing weight champion for 12 years by 1949
Billie Holiday
How did black political power grow after the migration?
Back population in the North increased while white populations decreased because they were moving to the suburbs therefore there was a higher black population all in close proximity which led to the creation of
NAACP 1909 Baltimore
CORE Chicago 1942
Nation of Islam Detroit 1930
All these groups were formed in the North
Adam Clayton Powell
He was a key African American spokesman in the North
What was the ‘Journey of Reconciliation’ ?
On 10 April 1947 CORE organized a group of 8 white people and 8 black men to go on a two-week bus trip through Virginia North Carolina Tennessee and Kentucky to end Segregation on interstate travel. The group was arrested and jailed but succeeded in generating substantial media interest in the issue of desegregation.
