Civil Rights Revision Flashcards
When did the Civil Rights Movement Run from?
1954-1968
What cultural group was Malcolm X apart of?
Nation of Islam
What does NOI mean?
Nation of Islam?
What were the Jim Crow Laws
They were laws brought in, in most US states aimed at segrating black American’s from society.
What was the Emancipation Proclamation and why was it significant?
The Emancipation Proclamation referenced by MLKJ is the claim made by President Abraham Lincoln for all Slaves to be free. Delivered January 1, 1863
What was the Montgomery Bus Boycotts and when did they run?
Headed by Rosa Parks, they were a series of active protests where members of the Black Race Group defied the Jim Crow Laws resulting in an eventual change in rules. They ran from December 1955 to December 1956
What language features are shown through MLKJ’s line “Island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean…”
This line in his speech uses Juxtapostion (for race groups), symbolism (of island as isolated), and metaphor (for their situation as stranded without help). Also shows change and continuity of situation as well as the self-determination to overturn the systematic racism present at the time. It also personifies poverty as stuck in the ocean, emphasising the human-like qualities of poverty.
What was the NAACP?
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Oldest Civil Rights organisation is USA.
What was the SNCC?
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. Founded 1960, was aimed at young civil rights activists. Played a major role in the Freedom Rides and March on Washington in 1961 and 63.
What was SCLC?
Southern Christian Leadership Conference. MLKJ played a major role; aimed at conducting nonviolent protests and campaigns.
What was CORE?
Congress of Racial Equality
When and where was MLKJ’s “I have a dream” speech delievered?
On the steps on the Lincoln Memorial to over 250,000 people during the August, 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
When and where was Malcolm X’s “The Ballot or The Bullet” speech delievered?
It was delivered on two occasions in April 1964, in Churches in Cleveland and Detroit.
What were the Newark Riots?
They were a series of Riots in the New Jersey city of Newark during the Long Hot Summer of 1967. They were caused by the arrest and beating in custody of a local African-American cab driver, John William Smith. The impacts of this riot were long-felt with Newark still bareing socioeconomic impacts.
When was Voting changed in America?
The 1965 Voting Rights Act brought equality to voting, removing the racial obstructions upheld on voters. It was amended a futher 5 times to insure equality. It was signed by President Johnson.
What was Malcolm X’s Motivation?
Malcolm X wanted to fight for the rights of black people because of the racist abuse he and his family had suffered. This made him a more fuelling and violent leader than MLKJ. He drew closer to his compatriate though, once he adopted his Islamic faith.
When did MLKJ and MX meet?
The pair only met once, at the US Capitol. Segregationists in the U.S. Senate were filibustering the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the two had come to support the passage of the legislation.
What was MLKJ’s motivation?
He was of a Black Christian Background, hence opting for more active but non-violent participation. He wanted all American’s to have equal rights, but to achieve this goal without suffering.
What separated MLKJ from MX?
They’re ideologies were vastly different with King opting for a non-violent approach, while X was in favour of “what ever it takes”, considering a full revolution an option as stages. Towards the end of their lives, their options were at their closest though.
How was Malcolm X assassinated?
While preparing a speech at a OAAU rally in Manhattan, NY, he was shot several times and killed. Members of the NOI were charged with his murder. Died at 39 (same as MLKJ).
How was MLKJ assassinated?
King was shot at a Motel in Tennessee in 1968. Many consider his death a conspiracy involving the U.S. government, the mafia, and Memphis police. Died at 39 (same as MX).
What was the OAAU?
The Organisation for Afro-American Unity, which Malcolm X was heavily involved in.
What ended the Civil Rights Movement?
The 1968 Fair Housing Act, legalised only days after King’s death, prevented housing discrimination based on race, sex, national origin and religion. This was the last legislation enacted during the civil rights era, representing the end of the era from 1954-1968.
Who was Stokley Carmichael and what happened to him?
He was the leader of the SNCC and CORE member. His involvement saw him become Malcolm X’s likely successor as “Black Messiah” in the eyes of the FBI. This FBI targetting led him to flee to Ghana, dying in Guinea to cancer in 1998.
