Civil Rights Revision

Question 1

When did the Civil Rights Movement Run from?

Answer 1

1954-1968

Question 2

What cultural group was Malcolm X apart of?

Answer 2

Nation of Islam

Question 3

What does NOI mean?

Answer 3

Nation of Islam?

Question 4

What were the Jim Crow Laws

Answer 4

They were laws brought in, in most US states aimed at segrating black American’s from society.

Question 5

What was the Emancipation Proclamation and why was it significant?

Answer 5

The Emancipation Proclamation referenced by MLKJ is the claim made by President Abraham Lincoln for all Slaves to be free. Delivered January 1, 1863

Question 5

What was the Montgomery Bus Boycotts and when did they run?

Answer 5

Headed by Rosa Parks, they were a series of active protests where members of the Black Race Group defied the Jim Crow Laws resulting in an eventual change in rules. They ran from December 1955 to December 1956

Question 6

What language features are shown through MLKJ’s line “Island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean…”

Answer 6

This line in his speech uses Juxtapostion (for race groups), symbolism (of island as isolated), and metaphor (for their situation as stranded without help). Also shows change and continuity of situation as well as the self-determination to overturn the systematic racism present at the time. It also personifies poverty as stuck in the ocean, emphasising the human-like qualities of poverty.

Question 7

What was the NAACP?

Answer 7

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Oldest Civil Rights organisation is USA.

Question 8

What was the SNCC?

Answer 8

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. Founded 1960, was aimed at young civil rights activists. Played a major role in the Freedom Rides and March on Washington in 1961 and 63.

Question 9

What was SCLC?

Answer 9

Southern Christian Leadership Conference. MLKJ played a major role; aimed at conducting nonviolent protests and campaigns.

Question 10

What was CORE?

Answer 10

Congress of Racial Equality

Question 11

When and where was MLKJ’s “I have a dream” speech delievered?

Answer 11

On the steps on the Lincoln Memorial to over 250,000 people during the August, 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

Question 12

When and where was Malcolm X’s “The Ballot or The Bullet” speech delievered?

Answer 12

It was delivered on two occasions in April 1964, in Churches in Cleveland and Detroit.

Question 13

What were the Newark Riots?

Answer 13

They were a series of Riots in the New Jersey city of Newark during the Long Hot Summer of 1967. They were caused by the arrest and beating in custody of a local African-American cab driver, John William Smith. The impacts of this riot were long-felt with Newark still bareing socioeconomic impacts.

Question 14

When was Voting changed in America?

Answer 14

The 1965 Voting Rights Act brought equality to voting, removing the racial obstructions upheld on voters. It was amended a futher 5 times to insure equality. It was signed by President Johnson.

Question 15

What was Malcolm X’s Motivation?

Answer 15

Malcolm X wanted to fight for the rights of black people because of the racist abuse he and his family had suffered. This made him a more fuelling and violent leader than MLKJ. He drew closer to his compatriate though, once he adopted his Islamic faith.

Question 16

When did MLKJ and MX meet?

Answer 16

The pair only met once, at the US Capitol. Segregationists in the U.S. Senate were filibustering the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the two had come to support the passage of the legislation.

Question 17

What was MLKJ’s motivation?

Answer 17

He was of a Black Christian Background, hence opting for more active but non-violent participation. He wanted all American’s to have equal rights, but to achieve this goal without suffering.

Question 18

What separated MLKJ from MX?

Answer 18

They’re ideologies were vastly different with King opting for a non-violent approach, while X was in favour of “what ever it takes”, considering a full revolution an option as stages. Towards the end of their lives, their options were at their closest though.

Question 19

How was Malcolm X assassinated?

Answer 19

While preparing a speech at a OAAU rally in Manhattan, NY, he was shot several times and killed. Members of the NOI were charged with his murder. Died at 39 (same as MLKJ).

Question 20

How was MLKJ assassinated?

Answer 20

King was shot at a Motel in Tennessee in 1968. Many consider his death a conspiracy involving the U.S. government, the mafia, and Memphis police. Died at 39 (same as MX).

Question 21

What was the OAAU?

Answer 21

The Organisation for Afro-American Unity, which Malcolm X was heavily involved in.

Question 22

What ended the Civil Rights Movement?

Answer 22

The 1968 Fair Housing Act, legalised only days after King’s death, prevented housing discrimination based on race, sex, national origin and religion. This was the last legislation enacted during the civil rights era, representing the end of the era from 1954-1968.

Question 23

Who was Stokley Carmichael and what happened to him?

Answer 23

He was the leader of the SNCC and CORE member. His involvement saw him become Malcolm X’s likely successor as “Black Messiah” in the eyes of the FBI. This FBI targetting led him to flee to Ghana, dying in Guinea to cancer in 1998.

Question 24

What was the Black Panther Party?

Answer 24

It was a Black power political organization founded by college students. They were also active in many prisons and had international chapters in the United Kingdom and Algeria. Due to their violent methods, FBI chief J. Edgar Hoover saw them as “the greatest threat to the internal security of the country.”

Question 25

Who was the FBI boss during the 1960’s responsible for following King, X and Carmichael?

Answer 25

J. Edgar Hoover. First boss of the FBI (last of BoI).

Question 26

How does Malcolm X use contrast and juxtaposition in his speech.

Answer 26

By using opposing words such as Ballot and Bullet, Liberty or death, Freedom for Everybody or Freedom for Nobody.

Question 27

What does Malcolm X state “That don’t even happen in Hollywood.” about?

Answer 27

A nonviolent revolution. A bloodless revolution.

Question 28

Given “I Have a Dream” was rated the greatest speech of the 21st century with “Ballot or the Bullet” in 7th, whay does this say about the legacy left by these speeches?

Answer 28

It shows that these speeches have outlived their writers and have had a deep and resounding impact on modern society.

Question 29

How does Malcolm X position the Government in his speech?

Answer 29

He positions the government as letting everyone down. He directly states, “take that government to the world court.”

Question 30

Why is MLKJ’s mention of the Emancipation Proclamation significant.

Answer 30

It is significant as his speech is exactly 100 years after Lincoln’s. (1863 > 1963)