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History Paper 1,Section A > Civil Rights Movement In The 1950's > Flashcards

Civil Rights Movement In The 1950's Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the Little Rock nine

A

9 African American students who attended a white school (still after the supreme courts ruling ) with the support of the NAACP

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2
Q

In what year did Little Rock nine enrol in the school

A

September 1957

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3
Q

Why were they unable to enter the school on the 4th of September 1957

A

Governor of Arkansas, Faubus, was against desegregated schools. He sent in State troops to prevent them entering

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4
Q

What happened to the students on the 24th of September 1957

A

The students returned but with the support of 1000 national troops sent by president Eisenhower.

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5
Q

How long did the troops stay for

A

6 weeks

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6
Q

In what year did Ernest green become the first African American to graduate

A

1958

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7
Q

Who was Linda brown

A

The girl that the court case Brown VS the board of education was about

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8
Q

Why did the court case get to the Supreme Court

A

Linda brown had to walk 200 metres to get to a black school, when there was a white school half a mile away from her house.
Argued that education should be desegregated

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9
Q

Who did Oliver brown have support from (the father)

A

The NAACP

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10
Q

What did the argue at the Supreme Court

A

That segregated schools were unequal and therefore went against ‘separate but equal’

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11
Q

Which Chief Justice usually supported the NAACP

A

Earl Warren

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12
Q

Positives of the brown VS the board of education

A
  • encouraged others to fight for their rights in the American society
  • supreme court have voted in favour of NAACP, showed that the government was ready for change
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13
Q

Negatives of the brown VS the board of education case

A
  • the Supreme Court DID NOT put a time frame on the legislation, meaning many states postponed the new law
  • only 12% of school sin the south were desegregated
  • KKK became revitalised (murders,bombing)
  • didn’t end segregation in other sectors
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14
Q

Positives of Little Rock nine

A
  • Eisenhower had shown his support for the civil rights movement
  • NAACP had challenged segregated states
  • desegregated education had finally been pushed into action
  • challenged other schools that weren’t desegregated
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15
Q

Negative of Little Rock nine

A
  • students faced physical and verbal abuse
  • only 1 of the 9 students graduated
  • in 1959 headteacher closed down the school instead of becoming desegregated
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16
Q

When did the Montgomery bus boycott occur

A

1955

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17
Q

When was Rosa parks asked to give up her seat on a bus for a white person, yet refused and was arrested

A

1st December 1955

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18
Q

What did the NAACP arrange

A

A boycott of the public buses

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19
Q

What did the bus boycotts cause for the bus companies

A

Bus companies lost money

61% of its income

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20
Q

How long did the bus boycott last

A

381 days

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21
Q

When did the Supreme Court vote that segregation on buses was illegal

A

21st December 1956

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22
Q

Positives of the bus boycott

A
  • Law applied to the whole of America
  • Martin Luther king Jr began to emerge as the leader of the civil rights movement
  • meant the NAACP continued the civil rights movement
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23
Q

Negatives of the bus boycott

A
  • local campaign that took ages to work

- black community experienced violence

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24
Q

Name two non violent protest

A

Freedom riders

Greensboro sit ins

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25
Q

What happened on February 1st 1960

A

Two black men were refused drunks in a Greensboro shop

The men were asked to leave but refused

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26
Q

What did the Greensboro sit ins lead to

A

It encouraged others to join in- Gained support across the country

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27
Q

When did woolworth become desegregated

A

July 1960

Because sales decreased

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28
Q

How many student participated in the Greensboro sit ins

A

50,000

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29
Q

What type of tactic were the sit ins

A

“Direct action” to challenger segregation peacefully

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30
Q

What does the term ‘freedom riders’ refer too

A

In May and June of 1961, groups of African Americans started to challenge te unfair laws that allowed segregated buses

31
Q

What did the ‘freedom riders’ want to prove?

A

That any person should be able to travel anywhere in USA without the dearie racism

32
Q

How did white people respond to their actions (freedom riders)

A

Violently-many were attacked and beaten

33
Q

What was the KKK response to the actions of the ‘freedom riders’?

A

Organised attacks in them

In Alabama a bus was set alight and the bus doors held shut-just about escaped

34
Q

How many freedom rides were there

A

60

35
Q

How many individual were involved in the 60 freedom rides

A

450

36
Q

Positives if the freedom rides

A

Gained high amounts of media coverage

Encouraged others to stand up for their rights

37
Q

What happened in August 1963 in Washington

A

Martin Luther king staged his most high profile event

38
Q

How many people attended Martin Luther king speech (I had a dream) and March

A

200,000 black people and 50,000 white people

39
Q

What was the aim of the protest in August 1963

A

Put pressure on president Kennedy to introduce a civil rights bill

40
Q

What does black nationalism mean

A

A belief that encourages pride in African heritage

41
Q

What did black nationalists want?

A
  • Wanted to create a homeland for black people
  • use violence as a method of protest
  • some wanted segregation rather than integration
42
Q

Background info another Malcolm X

A

Born in 1925 as Malcolm Little
Grew up in poverty and crime
Became a Muslims whilst in prison(national Islam)
Criticised Martin Luther king’s non violent methods

43
Q

Successes of Black nationalism

A
  • National attention
  • black panthers had 2000 members
  • responsible for race riots
  • inspired others to join the movement
  • prompted pride in African heritage
44
Q

Failures of black nationalism

A
  • Many white people saw their violence-not deserving of the vote or respect
  • gave the authorities the excuse to be violent back
  • watt’s riots in LA 1965 (gained media)30000 rioters and 34 activists
  • killed 9 police officers
45
Q

What did the civil rights act of the 2nd of July 1964 address

A

All forms of segregation was illegal

Lawsuits against state governments who didn’t respond to law

46
Q

What were the limitations of the civil rights act in 1964

A

DIDN’T STOP police brutality

Still struggled to vote due to restrictions

47
Q

When was the first planned March in selma supposed to take place

A

Early 1965 for ‘voting rights’

48
Q

How many possible black p voters were there in Selma

A

15,000

49
Q

How many black people were registered to vote in Selma

A

335 (2.4%)

50
Q

Why was the town notorious for racism

A

Brutal racist sheriff called, jim Clark

51
Q

What happened on the 7th of March in Selma

A

After the authorities banning the planned march
600 people still marched
They were brutally attacked

52
Q

What did the media call the events in Selma on the 7th of March

A

‘Bloody Sunday’

The events were caught by the media and it horrified the whole of America

53
Q

What was king’s proposal after the events at ‘Bloody Sunday ‘

A

Keep the pressure on the authorities
Rearranged the March on the 11th of March
But compromised and turned around after a bit

54
Q

What did the voting act of 1965 address

A

Allowed government agents to inspect voting procedures

It ended the literacy

55
Q

What did the civil rights act of 1968 address

A

Dealt with discrimination: housing coul not be sold or rented on basis of race,religion , national origin or sex

56
Q

When was Martin Luther king assassinated

A

4th of April 1968

57
Q

What did king’s death mark the end of

A

The civil rights movement

58
Q

Kennedy and Johnson’s reforms

A
  • The extension of unemployment benefit
  • more aid to poor cities to improve housing and transportation
  • increases in social security
  • aid to economically distressed areas
  • providing help to rural farming
59
Q

What was Johnson’s great society

A

His ideas to tackle of unemployment p, bad housing and inadequate medical care
And importantly civil rights

60
Q

What was the economic opportunity act of 1964

A

This provided training to disadvantaged youths aged 16-21, recruited volunteers to work and teach in low income slum areas

61
Q

What was the Medicare and Medicaid in 1965

A

Provided medical insurance for the over 65’s and hospital care for the poor

62
Q

What was the development act of 1964

A

Money was provided for replacing inner city slums with new homes

63
Q

What effect did these reforms have

A

Positive effect yet many still lived in slums

Reforms were overshadowed by his actions in the Vietnam war

64
Q

When had women gained the right to vote

A

After the First World War

65
Q

How had the lives of women changed during the Second World War

A

During the war millions of women took on new roles to support the war effort

66
Q

What happened to women’s role in the 1950’s

A

It reversed and women were once again expected to stay in the house

67
Q

What was the symbolic starting point for the fight for women’s rights

A

The publication of feminine mystique’ by Betty friedan in 1963

68
Q

Wat did Betty friedan do?

A

She argued that for middle class women the home become a concentration camp and that most women wished to break out of the limited environment

69
Q

When was the national organisation for women set up

A

In 1966

70
Q

What was the fight for equal pay

A

Women petitioning and going on strike to persuade employers to provide equal opportunity and wages

71
Q

What was roe vs wade in 1973

A

Made abortion legal
Abortion was declared as a fundamental right for women under the US constitution
Overturned laws of individual states

72
Q

What was the Supreme Court ruling on equal rights in 1972

A

That contraception should be legally available to unmarried couples
Caused religious and moral debate within society

73
Q

Opposition to the equal rights amendment 1972

A

Many women were happy with their status in society and dint want change

  • some women though it encouraged pre marital sex
  • many working class women were not interested in feminism just equal pay as it effected them the most
  • many religious groups, used the bible to justify male domination in the home
74
Q

What else did feminists fight against

A

-Protested against male sexism
-men’s clubs were criticised
-sexist magazines
-traditional women magazines that limited women’s role in society
-

History Paper 1,Section A (6 decks)

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