Civil Rights Movement Flashcards
0
Q
Katzenbach v. McClung✔
A
- Ollie’s Barbeque in B’ham
- refused to serve blacks in the dining room
- violation of Civil Rights Act of 1964
- Ollie’s sued
- did not engage in interstate commerce, Congress had no jurisdiction
- Supreme Court disagreed
- ordered Ollie’s to desegregate
1
Q
Wallace✔
A
- Alabama Gov. George Wallace
- made a campaign promise in 1962
- “stand in the schoolhouse door” to prevent integration
- June 1963- Wallace stood in the door of a building at the U.of Alabama
- Blocked 2 black students
- gave a speech in protest
- Segregation was a states rights issue
- Not federal government
- Stand was symbolic
2
Q
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas✔
A
- overturned Plessy v Ferguson
- said that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal
- ordered the desegregation of public schools
- “all deliberate speed” to obey the Brown decision
3
Q
Plessy v.Ferguson✔
A
- established “separate but equal” doctrine
4
Q
Montgomery Bus Boycott✔
A
- Dec. 1955 - Rosa Parks arrested
- Montgomery, Alabama
- wouldn’t give up her seat to a white man on a bus
- Martin Luther King organizes a bus boycott
- Most bus riders were black
- the city’s bus system was severely affected
- November 1956 - Supreme Court ruled segregation on Montgomery buses was unconstitutional
- beginning of the organized civil rights movement
- made Martin Luther King (MLK) the leader of the civil rights movement
5
Q
sit-ins✔
A
- Started in Greensboro, NC
- Feb, 1960
- Black students at a lunch counter refused to give up their seat until served
- Inspired other students to try the same thing
SNCC - Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee
- Founded to coordinate sit-ins
- April 1960
6
Q
Freedom Riders✔
A
- wanted to test the 1946 ban on segregation on interstate buses
- black and white CORE members would ride interstate buses
- went from Washington DC to New Orleans
- Started May 1961
7
Q
Birmingham Movement✔
A
- MLK wants to force Kennedy to act
- Tries protest in Albany, GA
- Failed- Albany police weren’t violent
- 1963-Decides to go to Birmingham
- King knew in B’ham:
- whites would react
- press would cover it
- MLK arrested
- local white church leaders wrote to the paper
- Say MLK just making trouble
- If MLK patient, change would come
8
Q
Selma to Montgomery March✔
A
- Selma, AL
- Voting rights march (chosen by MLK)
- March from Selma to Montgomery
- Gov. Wallace tries to ban
- March 7, 1965
- Marchers cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge
- Route to Montgomery
- State Troopers order them to turn back
- Troopers fire tear gas on marchers
- Beat marchers with clubs
- “Bloody Sunday”
- LBJ had asked MLK to avoid confrontation
- LBJ federalizes National Guard
- protect marchers
- 3rd march is successful
- Selma March pushes Congress to pass the Voting Rights Act of 1965
- banned literacy tests
- federal troops sent in to allow Af. Am. to register
9
Q
Freedom Summer✔
A
Summer 1964
Focused on registering black voters in Mississippi
Whites responded with violence
3 workers killed in Philadelphia, MS
10
Q
Black Separatists Movement✔
A
- Dissatisfied with MLK’s tactics
- Wanted more aggressive leadership
- Mainly students
- SNCC- Stokely Carmichael
- Called for “Black Power”
- believed in:
- economic and political equality
- violence for self-defense
- Black activism (no whites in movement
- separatism, not integration
11
Q
Letter from a Birmingham Jail✔
A
- written by MLK
- in response to the white newspaper of if he would wait change would come
- written on scraps of paper
- said that we can’t wait for change
- wait means never
12
Q
Civil Rights Act of 1964✔
A
- July 2, 1964
- prohibited segregation in all public places
- prohibited discrimination in employment
- Allowed the gov. to sue to force desegregation of public schools
- did not strengthen the right to vote
13
Q
“Bloody Sunday”✔
A
- March 17, 1965
- Marchers cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge
- Route to Montgomery
- State Troopers order them to turn back
- Troopers fire tear gas on marchers
- Beat marchers with clubs
14
Q
Voting Rights Act of 1965✔
A
- Selma March pushes Congress to pass the Voting Rights Act of 1965
- banned literacy tests
- federal troops sent in to allow Af. Am. to register
