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History GCSE > Civil rights movement > Flashcards

Civil rights movement Flashcards

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1
Q

What were 3 general hardships that African Americans faced during the early 1950s?

A
  1. Segregation
  2. Discrimination
  3. Prevention from voting
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2
Q

What were the laws used to enforce segregation in the South?

A

Jim Crow Laws

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3
Q

What did the law claim to justify segregation?

A

“Separate but equal”

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4
Q

What were 4 ways black people were stopped from registering to vote?

A
  1. Physical violence
  2. Unfair literacy tests
  3. The Grandfather Clause
    .4. Threats of unemployment
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5
Q

When was the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People) set up?

A

1909

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6
Q

What did the NAACP focus on?

A

Injustice in the legal system- for example:

  1. Fighting for civil rights using the legal system
  2. Defending unfairly convicted black people
  3. Overturning “separate but equal”
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7
Q

When was CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) set up?

A

1942

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8
Q

What did CORE focus on?

A

They mainly operated in the North and most of their members were white and middle class, using non-violent direct action

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9
Q

When was the Brown vs Topeka/ Brown vs the Board of Education?

A

1952-54 (kind of)

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10
Q

What had been the case in 1896 that made segregation legal?

A

Plessy vs Ferguson

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11
Q

What did the court rule in Brown vs the Board?

A

That segregation in education was unconstitutiona

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12
Q

What group spread wider after the ruling of Brown vs the Board?

A

WCC (White Citizen’s Council)

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13
Q

How were schools told to desegregate?

A

“With all deliberate speed?

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14
Q

How many school districts had segregated their education by 1957?

A

723

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15
Q

When did the Little Rock High School incident in Arkansas take place?

A

1957

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16
Q

After threats, how many students from the accepted 25 were still planning to register to Little Rock by the start of the school year?

A

9

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17
Q

What did state Governor Orval Faubus do to prevent the Little Rock 9 from entering?

A

He sent 250 state troops to surround the school, claiming it would “keep the peace”

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18
Q

Which student did not get the notification to arrive with the other students?

A

Elizabeth Eckford

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19
Q

Which group forced Faubus to remove the troops?

A

NAACP

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20
Q

What did President Eisenhower do on the 24th September to ensure black students could enter Little Rock High School?

A

He sent in 1000 federal troops as a presidential order

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21
Q

When did Rosa Parks break segregation laws?

A

1 December, 1955

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22
Q

When was Emmett Till murdered?

A

1955

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23
Q

What was the civil rights resistance group that broke away from the Democrats?

A

Dixiecrats

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24
Q

Where and when was the first Greensboro sit in?

A

Woolworth on Feburary 1st 1960

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25
Q

Who were the 4 black students that sat in at Woolworth?

A
  1. David Richmond
  2. Izell Blair
  3. Franklin McCain
  4. Joseph McNeil
26
Q

Roughly how many protesters took part in the Greensboro sit-ins by autumn 1960?

A

50000

27
Q

When did the Supreme Court rule that state transport must desegregate?

A

1956

28
Q

When did CORE activists organise bus journeys from the North to the Deep South?

A

1961

29
Q

Which civil rights group organised a court case that allowed James Meredith to be accepted into the University of Mississippi?

A

NAACP

30
Q

Who did Kennedy send in to stop the riots outside the University of Mississippi?

A

Federal troops

31
Q

When did James Meredith register?

A

1st October

32
Q

“Bull” Connor was the chief of police in which segregated city?

A

Birmingham

33
Q

Why did Martin Luther King Jr choose to lead a campaign in Birmingham in 1963?

A

They knew they would provoke a reaction

34
Q

What did Connor do to peaceful protesters in Birmingham that shocked the public?

A

He ordered the use of water cannons and police dogs

35
Q

When did the March on Washington take place?

A

August 1963

36
Q

What was the March on Washington for?

A

“Jobs and freedom”

37
Q

How many people took part in the March on Washington?

A

Over 250000

38
Q

What speech was made at the March on Washington?

A

“I have a dream”

39
Q

In what year was the Freedom Summer?

A

1964

40
Q

Who set up the Freedom Summer?

A

SNCC and CORE

41
Q

What did the volunteers largely consist of during the Freedom Summer?

A

White and middle class college students

42
Q

What did SNCC and CORE run in the Freedom Summer?

A

Voter registration classes

43
Q

Which 3 activists were killed in the Mississippi murders?

A
  1. Micheal Schwerner
  2. Andrew Goodman
  3. James Chaney
44
Q

What were 4 positive things that Kennedy did for civil rights?

A
  1. Selected black people for high level jobs
  2. Backed introduction of new civil rights laws
  3. Sent federal troops for James Meredith
  4. Sent US marshals to escort the Freedom Riders
45
Q

What were 4 positive things that Johnson did for civil rights?

A
  1. Continued to appoint black people to high level jobs
  2. Urged Southern politicians to support the civil rights bill
  3. Support the civil rights act and the voting rights act
  4. Escorted protesters during the Selma to Montgomery marches
46
Q

What did the 1964 civil rights act do?

A
  1. Forced school desegregation
  2. Government could stop federal funding of state projects that promoted inequality
  3. No discrimination in voting registration tests
  4. Banned discrimination in public places
  5. Banned employment discrimination in large businesses
  6. Set up Equal Employment Opportunities Comission
47
Q

What did the 1965 Voting Rights Act do?

A
  1. Introduced a standard voting registration process
  2. States could only introduce new voting rules if the federal government approved
  3. Federal officials would take over voter registration in states where less than 50% of those qualified to vote failed to register
48
Q

When did the Selma march take place?

A

1965

49
Q

How many people marched on 7 March from Selma to Montgomery?

A

600

50
Q

How many people march in the final Selma march?

A

25000

51
Q

What group did Malcom X create in 1964?

A

MMI (Muslim Mosque, Inc)

52
Q

What did the Black Power movement believe in?

A

They didn’t believe white and black people could ever integrate and so wanted a black society

53
Q

Who became chairman of SNCC in 1966?

A

Stokely Carmicheal

54
Q

When and where did the “March Against Fear” take place?

A

1966 in Mississippi

55
Q

At which Olympics did Tommie Smith and John Carlos raise their fists?

A

The 1968 Mexico Olympics

56
Q

Who set up the Black Panthers and when?

A

Huey Newton and Bobby Seale in 1966

57
Q

What were 3 things the Black Panthers did to help the poor community?

A
  1. Set up breakfast clubs
  2. Provided free shoes
  3. Provided free medical services
58
Q

How many riots were there between 1964-68?

A

329 in 257 Northern cities

59
Q

What were the 1964 onward riots in reaction to?

A

Police violence, ghetto conditions and violence during the Freedom Summer

60
Q

What did the 1968 Kerner report state?

A
  1. the riots were due to poor living conditions
  2. African Americans should be listened to
  3. policing methods must change
  4. policing during riots made things worse
  5. money for living was being spent on police
  6. media had exaggerated the riots
61
Q

What were 3 setbacks King and SNCC faced in the North?

A
  1. The mayor agreed to discussions but did not act
  2. Media coverage of riots was negative
  3. Johnson was less supportive of King because King opposed the war in Vietnam
62
Q

What were 6 changes Nixon’s presidency brought about for civil rights?

A
  1. Increased training for black people
  2. Favourable tax terms to white businesses that expanded into white areas
  3. “Affirmative action” to promote job equality
  4. More black officials working in the White House
  5. Nixon portrayed improved civil rights as a way to control black rioters, so as not to lose white voters
  6. Nixon was criticised for patronising black Americans

History GCSE (3 decks)

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