Civil Rights Movement Flashcards
Plessy vs. Ferguson
“separate but equal” wasn’t in violation of 14th amendment
NAACP: systematic attack against “separate but equal”
- 5 cases together
NAACP
Group formed in 1909 to fight courts to end segregation and ensure black rights
Brown vs. Board
- formed in 1954
- was a unanimous decision
- determined “separate educational facilities” was unequal
- violation of Equal Protection Clause of 14th amendment
Louis Redding
- 1st black attorney in DE
- File lawsuit for Shirley Bulan. Board of ED banned her to use white bus that drove past her house
- 2nd lawsuit on Ethel Belton: not allowed to attend all white school
Emmitt Till
- 14 year old boy visit family in Mississippi
- Violates norm by talking fresh to white woman
- Beaten, stabbed and shot. found in river with fan around neck
Rosa Parks
- Refused to give up her seat
- Her civil disobedience sparked Boycott
- became important symbol in modern civil rights movement
Montgomery Bus Boycott
- African Americans didn’t ride bus
- Carpooled, walked, car owners became taxi drivers
- 1956- outlawed segregation on buses in US
Little Rock Nine
-Made plans to desegregate public schools
-9 black students integrated central high school
-Crowd outside of school
• violence, national guard protection
James Meredith/Ole Miss
- Integrated Ole Miss. Graduated in 1963
- Governor of Mississippi vowed no blacks entering Ole Miss
- JFK/RFK secured Merediths rights. Marshals protected him
SCLC
Southern Christian Leader Conference
- Founded by MLK + Southern clergy in 1957
- Sit ins + boycotts. Used water jets/dogs to control protesters
- Media coverage. Kennedy intervenes
SNCC
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Comitee
- Founded in 1960
- Involve students/young blacks
- Became separate, independent organizations
CORE
- Congress of racial equality
- Founded in 1942
- Wanted to bring change through peaceful confrontation
Sit-in
- Protesters sat in segregated white public places
- Food thrown in then. kicked out. violence broke out
MLK
- leader of CRM
- Used non violence methods
- clergyman
- Activist
Malcom X
-10 years in prison
- converts to islam. Joins NOI
-Believed whites worked actively from blacks empowering/succeeding
•fought for state not with people
-becomes disillusioned
Freedom Riders
- Blacks and some whites rode buses through south to challenge laws
- Violence breaks out. Jailed and beaten. Mobs
Black Panthers
- Militant + political organization for self defense
- founded in Oakland by Huey Newton/Bobby Seale in 1966
- Protect /control residents from police brutality
March on Washington
- 1963
- 200,000 to 500,000 attend
- “i have a dream” speech
Civil Rights Act of 1964
- Outlaws racial segregation
- ends unequal application voter registration requirements + racial segregation in schools/workplace
Voting Rights Acts
- ended use of literacy and other tests to qualify to vote
- 1965- quarter million black voters
- didn’t end turmoil
24th Amendment
ends poll tax
What was the importance of Brown vs. Board of Education?
Paved way for Civil Rights Movement
-“Separate educational facilities” are unequal and violated 14th amendment
What was the “norm” for blacks in US throughout this time period ?
- to act and follow the laws of segregation
- “separate but equal”
List some events that led to accelerated change in status black people in this time period?
- Watts Riots
- MLK death
- March on Washington
- 16th Street Baptist Church
What are some methods used to bring change within society? Which do you think are the most successful and why?
Sit-ins, marches, protests, freedom rides, boycotts
- Boycotts hurt the economy because they lost money when blacks stopped riding buses
•influenced + pressed them to change their laws
What laws were passed during 1860s to help ensure the rights of minorities?
- Civil Right Act
- Voting Rights Act
- 24th amendment
How do you think the Civil Rights legislation changed America?
Yes because it helped the desegregation between races and it help black Americans become equal and not treated so poorly
What was the importance of Plessy vs. Ferguson decision?
- “separate but equal” became the norm
- influenced the Brown vs Board case
- NAACP
