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History Grade 12 > Civil Rights movement > Flashcards

Civil Rights movement Flashcards

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1
Q

What happened at the Birmingham campaign

A
  • 1963
  • Birmingham , Alabama
  • k k k strong hold
  • peaceful protest/ civil disobedience to protest segregation
  • sclc
  • many students and children
  • police commissioner Bill Connor very racist
  • police reacted very aggressively to march
  • MLK arrested
  • non violent protest successful
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2
Q

What is the Greensboro 4

A
  • 1960
  • 4 students in Greensboro , North Carolina
  • refused to leave the find counter at woolworths without being served
  • part of SNCC
  • students were attacked and abused
  • more and more students joined sit in put pressure on WW
  • small victory
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3
Q

SNCC

A

Student non violent co ordinating comittee

  • organized protests like sit ins, kneel ins , wade ins
  • first sit in Greensboro 4 at woolworths
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4
Q

Why was MLK chosen to lead movement

A
  • well known , popular amongst black community
  • priest Christian
  • very good orator
  • peaceful protest
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5
Q

American Civil War

A
  • 1861-1865
  • northern states vs southern states
  • south wanted slavery economy based on it
  • abolition of slavery
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6
Q

What is the SCLC

A

Southern Christian leadership conference

Lead by MLK
Formed in 1957
Black pastors
Continue work after bus boycott

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7
Q

“We will meet their physical force with soul force” - explain

A

Said by MLK
In context of the Montgomery bus boycott
Response to aggression and fear tactics of bus company
Knew that one act of violence from a black person could be face of whole movement - peaceful protest

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8
Q

How is rosa parks relevant to civil rights movement

A
  • considered the mother of the civil rights movement
    -arrested for refusing to give her seat on a bus to a white man
    Montgomery improvement association formed to organize 1 day bus boycott
  • turned into 1 year bus boycott
  • sparked first mass action in CRM
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9
Q

How does the murder of Emmett till relate to the CRM

A
  • 1955
  • Emmett Till , 14 yr , Black
  • allegedly flirted with white cashier
  • 4 white men beat him to death
  • men were tried before white jury
  • black people couldn’t be par to jury had to be registered to vote (prevented by Jim Crow laws)
  • violence against black people condoned by court , created anger and awareness in black people
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10
Q

Events leading up to CRM

A
  • civil war 1861-1865
  • plessy vs ferguson 1892
  • NAACP- 1909
  • WW2 1939-1945
  • 1954 Brown vs Board of educTion
  • 1955 Murder of Emmett Till
  • Montgomery Bus Boycott
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11
Q

NAACP

A

National association for advancement of colored people

  • 1909
  • challenged discrimination and segregation
  • tried to uphold constitutional rights
  • limited success
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12
Q

How did brown vs board of education impact crm

A

Linda brown lived next to a white school and was forced to travel a long distance to a black school

  • NAACP took it to court
  • court found separate but equal unconstitutional
  • segregation illegal by federal law
  • ended segregation in public schools
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13
Q

How did WW 2 contribute to the Civil Rights Movement

A
  • lead to appreciation of human rights
  • human rights being discussed and reviewed at length after horrors of holocaust, war etc
  • black soldiers returned and not appreciated in home country
  • were given power in war taken away- confused
  • questioned their rights
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14
Q

How did plessy vs Ferguson highlight Jim Crow Laws

A
  • 1892
  • Plessy bought 1st class train ticket , was arrested
  • said separate car act illegal (federal law)
  • judge found him wrong - separate but equal
  • Jim Crow laws state laws
  • sent to jail
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15
Q

How is the 14th amendment of USA constitution relevant to CRM

A

CRM trying to make the 14th amendment evident in society

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16
Q

Who were freedom riders

A
  • 1961
  • protestors against segregated interstate bus systems
  • aimed to create media attention and force fed govt to more for civil rights
  • black people sat in white waiting rooms, bus seats , bathrooms
  • beaten and abused by police and k k k
  • Robert Kennedy intervened said it was unconstitutional
  • interstate buses desegregated
17
Q

Lincoln 13 and 14 amendment

A

13 - no slavery

14 no discrimination , equality

18
Q

What is CORE

A

Chicago 1942
Fight racial inequality
Congress for racial equality
Organized protests, freedom summer

19
Q

What are JIm Crow laws

A

Laws that legalized segregation between black and white people despite that being unconstitutional according to the 14 amendment

Different to federal law, state law , applied differently in each state , mainly in the south

Prevented black people from registering to vote even though they had the right to

20
Q

What is the MIA

A 
Montgomery Improvement Association 
Formed after rosa parks arrested
Made up of church and community members
Organized peaceful protests 
And Montgomery bus boycott 
Lead by MLK
21
Q

What happened at the Selma Montgomery marches

A

1965 - 2 marches in february

Demanding the right to register to vote
Only 2.4 % of population registered to vote

First March - met with aggression state troopers forced protesters violently back over bridge
Extensive media coverage gained huge support from black people and white people from all over America
2nd March - widely supported , MLK prayed and everyone copied him , hugely successful peaceful protest
- allowed for voting rights act to be passed

22
Q

Nature and goals of CRM

A

Nature - non violent , peaceful
Goals stop racism
Create equality
Eliminate segregation

23
Q

March on Washington

A
  • 1963
  • demanding full racial equality
  • widely supported
  • lead by MLK
  • organized by SCLC
  • media coverage
  • music used to unite
  • I have a dream speech
24
Q

Forms of protest in CRM

A 
Peaceful protest
Marches 
Sit in kneel in wade In 
Freedom riders 
Freedom summer
25
Q

Name 3 Marches between 1963 and 1965

A

Birmingham Campaign 1963
March on Washington 1963
Selma-Montgomery 2 days apart

26
Q

What is freedom summer

A

Organized by CORE
1964
In Mississippi
Low levels of literacy in black community and state was not spending money on black education
- very low percentage of black people registered to vote
- freedom schools set up to improve levels of literacy in Mississippi and to empower black people
by people from more liberal northern states
Taught black history
- freedom summer workers beaten and arrested , murdered
- churches bombed

27
Q

Important CRM legislation

A
  1. Civil Rights Act 1964
    + extension of CRA - no discrimination of any kind , did away with Jim Crow laws
    No discrimination in sales of rental houses
  2. Voting rights act 1965- no discrimination in voting procedures allowed
28
Q

How was movement successful

A 
Important legislation 
Sympathy from white people
Desegregation 
Federal government support 
Showed what mass protest could do , inspired other movements 
Wide media coverage
29
Q

Case studies of successes during movement

A

Little Rock Arkansas 1957

James Meredith University if Mississippi 1962

30
Q

Kkk

A

Ku klux Klan

History Grade 12 (4 decks)

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