Civil Rights Movement Flashcards
By what year had most of the legal forms of segregation been abolished?
1965
How did the Black Power movement influence the Civil Rights Movement?
It rejected the policy of nonviolence at all costs and even believed integration was not a desirable short-term goal
What proved to be the more difficult task than simply changing racist laws?
Changing racist attitudes
What did the Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson establish?
It aloud to have two separate societies - one white and one black - as long as if they are equal
What were Jim Crow laws?
Laws that created schools and public facilities for each race
How did the time after WWII influence changes in the American segregation system?
We sought to demonstrate to the world the merit of free democracies over communist dictatorships. But its segregation system exposed fundamental hypocrisy
Who was the NAACP lawyer who led efforts to desegregate schools?
Thurgood Marshall
Why did the NAACP target schools as the first major battleground against segregation?
It was very clear by mid-century that southern states had expertly enacted separate educational systems. These schools, however, were never equal
What was the outcome of the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka?
Schools had to integrate
What did Rosa Parks do that led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
She refused to move to a different seat for a white person
Who did Dr. King study to learn about Civil Disobedience?
Henry David Thoreau and Mohandas Ghandi
What did the Supreme Court rule in the case of the bus boycott?
Ruled in favor of the MIA and segregated busing was declared unconditional
How did the outcome of the Montgomery Bus Boycott affect the life of Dr. Martin Luther Ling?
He came into national spotlight and acknowledged as the leader of the civil rights movement
What organization was formed by Dr. King and Ralph Abernathy to fight for Civil Rights?
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Who was the governor of Arkansas in 1957 and what did he do in response to the 9 students who wanted to integrate Little Rock’s Central High School?
Orval Faubus
He sent the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the students from coming to the school
What did Eisenhower do in response to the refusal of Arkansas to allow their schools to be integrated?
He sent the American troops into Little Rock to remove the soldiers in Faubus’s control.
He led the peaceful equality movement in the 1950s
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
What Greensboro store in North Carolina was targeted by a new tactic in the Civil Rights Movement?
Woolworth’s
What did the demonstrators do at the store?
Asked for coffee at a whites only counter and when they refused to serve them, they sat patiently and quietly until they were served
How were the demonstrators treated by angry on lookers?
They tried to provoke fights
What groups emerged from the conference that was hosted by Dr. King in 1960?
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and Congress On Racial Equality (CORE)
What activity was organized by CORE in 1961? What was its goal?
First Freedom Ride
Challenge segregated interstate transportation
How did the Federal Government respond to the violence that ended the Freedom Rides?
They ordered an attorney to protect the freedom riders and soon banned segregation on interstate travel
He became the first African American to attend the University of Mississippi.
James Meredith
He was the police chief in Birmingham, AL who used shockingly harsh tactics on Civil Rights demonstrators.
Bull Connor
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do?
it became illegal to refuse employment to an individual on the basis of race. Segregation at any public facility in America was now against the law.
What new issue did the Civil Rights movement focus on after the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
African American’s voting rights
What did the 24th Amendment do?
Banned the Poll a Tax
What did the Voting Rights Act do?
banned the literacy test and other such measures designed to keep blacks from voting
Why did the citizens burst out in anger after the incident with Marquette Frye?
The officer drew out his gun on him
What was the purpose of the Kerner Commission?
To examine the causes behind the rioting
What were the findings of the Kerner Commission?
The source is white racism
What did the Kerner Commission recommend?
A wide array of social spending programs, including housing programs, job training, and welfare
Why did Malcolm Little change his name to Malcolm X?
Believed his true lineage to be lost when his ancestors were forced into slavery
What was the goal of the Nation of Islam?
Read the Koran, worship Allah as their God, and accept Mohammed as their chief prophet
What was the message of Malcolm X?
Whites were not to be trusted
What statement did Stokley Carmichael make at a mass rally after James Meredith had been shot?
What we need is black power
How did SNCC and CORE change after the rally?
began to reject white membership as Carmichael abandoned peaceful resistance
How did Dr. King respond to the Black Power movement?
Denounced it as the proper forward path
What organization was started by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale?
Black Panther Party
What socialist ideas were adopted by the Black Panther Party?
take control of their own neighborhoods to aid their communities and to resist police brutality
What severe blow was dealt to the peaceful Civil Rights movement in 1968?
King was shot
