Civil Rights Movement Flashcards

1
Q

By what year had most of the legal forms of segregation been abolished?

A

1965

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2
Q

How did the Black Power movement influence the Civil Rights Movement?

A

It rejected the policy of nonviolence at all costs and even believed integration was not a desirable short-term goal

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3
Q

What proved to be the more difficult task than simply changing racist laws?

A

Changing racist attitudes

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4
Q

What did the Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson establish?

A

It aloud to have two separate societies - one white and one black - as long as if they are equal

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5
Q

What were Jim Crow laws?

A

Laws that created schools and public facilities for each race

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6
Q

How did the time after WWII influence changes in the American segregation system?

A

We sought to demonstrate to the world the merit of free democracies over communist dictatorships. But its segregation system exposed fundamental hypocrisy

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7
Q

Who was the NAACP lawyer who led efforts to desegregate schools?

A

Thurgood Marshall

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8
Q

Why did the NAACP target schools as the first major battleground against segregation?

A

It was very clear by mid-century that southern states had expertly enacted separate educational systems. These schools, however, were never equal

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9
Q

What was the outcome of the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka?

A

Schools had to integrate

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10
Q

What did Rosa Parks do that led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

A

She refused to move to a different seat for a white person

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11
Q

Who did Dr. King study to learn about Civil Disobedience?

A

Henry David Thoreau and Mohandas Ghandi

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12
Q

What did the Supreme Court rule in the case of the bus boycott?

A

Ruled in favor of the MIA and segregated busing was declared unconditional

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13
Q

How did the outcome of the Montgomery Bus Boycott affect the life of Dr. Martin Luther Ling?

A

He came into national spotlight and acknowledged as the leader of the civil rights movement

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14
Q

What organization was formed by Dr. King and Ralph Abernathy to fight for Civil Rights?

A

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

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15
Q

Who was the governor of Arkansas in 1957 and what did he do in response to the 9 students who wanted to integrate Little Rock’s Central High School?

A

Orval Faubus

He sent the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the students from coming to the school

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16
Q

What did Eisenhower do in response to the refusal of Arkansas to allow their schools to be integrated?

A

He sent the American troops into Little Rock to remove the soldiers in Faubus’s control.

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17
Q

He led the peaceful equality movement in the 1950s

A

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

18
Q

What Greensboro store in North Carolina was targeted by a new tactic in the Civil Rights Movement?

A

Woolworth’s

19
Q

What did the demonstrators do at the store?

A

Asked for coffee at a whites only counter and when they refused to serve them, they sat patiently and quietly until they were served

20
Q

How were the demonstrators treated by angry on lookers?

A

They tried to provoke fights

21
Q

What groups emerged from the conference that was hosted by Dr. King in 1960?

A

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and Congress On Racial Equality (CORE)

22
Q

What activity was organized by CORE in 1961? What was its goal?

A

First Freedom Ride

Challenge segregated interstate transportation

23
Q

How did the Federal Government respond to the violence that ended the Freedom Rides?

A

They ordered an attorney to protect the freedom riders and soon banned segregation on interstate travel

24
Q

He became the first African American to attend the University of Mississippi.

A

James Meredith

25
Q

He was the police chief in Birmingham, AL who used shockingly harsh tactics on Civil Rights demonstrators.

A

Bull Connor

26
Q

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do?

A

it became illegal to refuse employment to an individual on the basis of race. Segregation at any public facility in America was now against the law.

27
Q

What new issue did the Civil Rights movement focus on after the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

A

African American’s voting rights

28
Q

What did the 24th Amendment do?

A

Banned the Poll a Tax

29
Q

What did the Voting Rights Act do?

A

banned the literacy test and other such measures designed to keep blacks from voting

30
Q

Why did the citizens burst out in anger after the incident with Marquette Frye?

A

The officer drew out his gun on him

31
Q

What was the purpose of the Kerner Commission?

A

To examine the causes behind the rioting

32
Q

What were the findings of the Kerner Commission?

A

The source is white racism

33
Q

What did the Kerner Commission recommend?

A

A wide array of social spending programs, including housing programs, job training, and welfare

34
Q

Why did Malcolm Little change his name to Malcolm X?

A

Believed his true lineage to be lost when his ancestors were forced into slavery

35
Q

What was the goal of the Nation of Islam?

A

Read the Koran, worship Allah as their God, and accept Mohammed as their chief prophet

36
Q

What was the message of Malcolm X?

A

Whites were not to be trusted

37
Q

What statement did Stokley Carmichael make at a mass rally after James Meredith had been shot?

A

What we need is black power

38
Q

How did SNCC and CORE change after the rally?

A

began to reject white membership as Carmichael abandoned peaceful resistance

39
Q

How did Dr. King respond to the Black Power movement?

A

Denounced it as the proper forward path

40
Q

What organization was started by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale?

A

Black Panther Party

41
Q

What socialist ideas were adopted by the Black Panther Party?

A

take control of their own neighborhoods to aid their communities and to resist police brutality

42
Q

What severe blow was dealt to the peaceful Civil Rights movement in 1968?

A

King was shot