CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT Flashcards
BROWN VS BOARD OF EDUCATION
1954
EVERY SCHOOL TO BE DESEGREGATED
MISSISSIPPI - WHITE CITIZENS COUNCIL ENSURE SEGREGATION STAYS
1956 SEGREGATION REMAINED IN 6 SOUTHERN STATES
LITTLE ROCK 9
1957
FIRST BLACK STUDENTS TO INTERGRATE INTO AN ALL WHITE SCHOOL
NATIONAL GUARDS SURROUNDED THE SCHOOL - BLOCKED ENTRY
VIOLENT ATTACKS
RACIAL SLURS
HARASSED
HOMES VANDALISED
THREATENED
1 GRADUATED
MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT
1955
REFUSED TO MOVE FOR A WHITE PERSON
BOYCOTT OF ALL CITY BUSES
CONTINUED FOR MONTHS - AA’S PROVIDED 75% OF BUSINESS
DESEGREGATED THE BUSES
PROTESTERS RECEIVED THREATENING CALLS AND HOMES WERE VANDALISED
FREEDOM RIDES
1961
GAINED TV NEWS COVERAGE - SHOCKED THE AUDIENCES
MLK TRIED TO PERSUADE THEM TO STOP - FEARED THEY WOULD BE KILLED
US LAW OFFICERS WERE SENT TO PROTECT THE STUDENTS
NATIONAL PUBLICITY - PRESSURE TO CHANGE
ENDED SEGREGATION - AIRPORTS RAIL AND BUS STATIONS
SIT INS
1960
SAT AT A WHITES ONLY COUNTER AT WOOOLWORTHS
ATTACKED BY LOCAL WHITE YOUTHS
ARRESTED
300 STUDENTS JOINED
70000 PARTICIPANTS
TV COVERAGE - VIOLENT RACIST REACTION OF SOUTHERNERS AND WON THEM SUPPORT
DESEGREGATED - NOT ALL, IMPACT ONLY FELT AT A LOCAL LEVEL
BIRMINGHAM ALABAMA
1963
30000 PEOPLE TOOK PART
EUGENE BULL CONNOR ORDERED THE POLICE TO ATTACK PROTESTERS
DOGS WATER CANNONS TEAR GAS BATONS
900 CHILDREN ARRRESTED
TV
KENNEDY - SENT TROOPS TO RESTORE ORDER - ENDED SEGREGATION
JFK:CIVIL RIGHTS
CEEO - EQUAL JOB OPPORTUNITES
SENT SOLDIERS TO PROTECT A BLACK STUDENT JAMES MEREDITH THAT WAS FACING PERSECUTION
ONLY HELPED THOSE THAT ALREADY HAD A JOB - NOT THE MILLIONS OF UNEMPLOYED AA’S
COULD HAVE DONE MORE - CONCERNED WITH WHAT VOTERS THOUGHT OF HIM
DIDNT PASS THE CRA - ASSASINATED
JFK: THE ECONOMY
CUT TAXES - MORE SPENDING MONEY
GAVE GRANTS TO COMPANIES - TO BUY HIGH TECH EQUIPMENT
MADE 900 MILLION AVAILABLE TO BUSINESSES TO CREATE NEW JOBS
ONLY 1 MILLION FEWER UNEMPLOYED - 5.5M 1960
4.5M 1963
AA’S UNEMPLOYMENT WAS 2X WHITE
NEW EQUIPMENT - LESS WORKERS NEEDED
JFK: HEALTHCARE AND DEALING WITH THE ECONOMY
INCREASED MINIMUM WAGE $1 - $1.25
4.9BN AVAILABLE FOR LOANS - TO IMPROVE HOUSING CLEAR SLUM AREAS
ONLY HELPED THOSE IN WORK
ONLY USEFUL IF THEY COULD AFFORD TO REPAY THE LOANS
JFK: EDUCATION
ESTABLISHED PEACE CORPS - SENDS VOLUNTEERS ABROAD TO HELP POORER COUNTRIES
- STILL SURVIVES TODAY
WANTED TO GIVE MORE MONEY TO SCHOOLS BUT CONGRESS DEFEATED HIS PROPOSALS
JOHNSON : CIVIL RIGHTS
CRA - 1964
VRA - 1965
400000 NEWLY REGISTERED BLACK VOTERS
30% OF AA’S LIVING IN POVERTY - SMALL IMPROVEMENT
GROWING RACIAL TENSIONS - RIOTS AND DEATHS - 1968
JOHNSON :THE ECONOMY
CUT TAXES - BENEFITED THE BETTER OFF
IMPROVED TRANSPORT LINKS WHICH BENEFITED MIDDLE CLASS COMMUTERS
UNEMPLOYMENT + INFLATION BEGAN TO RISE
JOHNSON : HEALTH CARE AND DEALING WITH POVERTY
INCREASE MINIMUM WAGE - $1.40
MEDICARE - FUNDED HEALTHCARE FOR THE ELDERLY AND POOR
UNEMPLOYMENT INCREASED WIDE SPREAD RIOTING
JOHNSON :EDUCATION
OPERATION HEADSTART
- MONEY TO SCHOOLS TO PROVIDE BETTER EDUCATION FOR THE POOR
ELEMENTRY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION ACT - MAJOR SCHOOL FUNDING
JOBS CORP - HELPED SCHOOL LEAVERS FIND WORK
TWO PROBLEMS FACED BY KENNEDY AND JOHNSON
VIETNAM WAR - ESCALATED US INVOLVEMENT LEADING TO WIDESPREAD PROTESTS AND POLITICAL TURMOIL DOMESTICALLY
CRM - FACED OPPOSITION AND RESISTANCE FROM SEGREGATIONISTS AND CONSERVATIVE FACTIONS
