CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT

Question 1

BROWN VS BOARD OF EDUCATION

Answer 1

1954
EVERY SCHOOL TO BE DESEGREGATED
MISSISSIPPI - WHITE CITIZENS COUNCIL ENSURE SEGREGATION STAYS
1956 SEGREGATION REMAINED IN 6 SOUTHERN STATES

Question 2

LITTLE ROCK 9

Answer 2

1957
FIRST BLACK STUDENTS TO INTERGRATE INTO AN ALL WHITE SCHOOL
NATIONAL GUARDS SURROUNDED THE SCHOOL - BLOCKED ENTRY
VIOLENT ATTACKS
RACIAL SLURS
HARASSED
HOMES VANDALISED
THREATENED
1 GRADUATED

Question 3

MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT

Answer 3

1955
REFUSED TO MOVE FOR A WHITE PERSON
BOYCOTT OF ALL CITY BUSES
CONTINUED FOR MONTHS - AA’S PROVIDED 75% OF BUSINESS
DESEGREGATED THE BUSES
PROTESTERS RECEIVED THREATENING CALLS AND HOMES WERE VANDALISED

Question 4

FREEDOM RIDES

Answer 4

1961
GAINED TV NEWS COVERAGE - SHOCKED THE AUDIENCES
MLK TRIED TO PERSUADE THEM TO STOP - FEARED THEY WOULD BE KILLED
US LAW OFFICERS WERE SENT TO PROTECT THE STUDENTS
NATIONAL PUBLICITY - PRESSURE TO CHANGE
ENDED SEGREGATION - AIRPORTS RAIL AND BUS STATIONS

Question 5

SIT INS

Answer 5

1960
SAT AT A WHITES ONLY COUNTER AT WOOOLWORTHS
ATTACKED BY LOCAL WHITE YOUTHS
ARRESTED
300 STUDENTS JOINED
70000 PARTICIPANTS
TV COVERAGE - VIOLENT RACIST REACTION OF SOUTHERNERS AND WON THEM SUPPORT
DESEGREGATED - NOT ALL, IMPACT ONLY FELT AT A LOCAL LEVEL

Question 6

BIRMINGHAM ALABAMA

Answer 6

1963
30000 PEOPLE TOOK PART
EUGENE BULL CONNOR ORDERED THE POLICE TO ATTACK PROTESTERS
DOGS WATER CANNONS TEAR GAS BATONS
900 CHILDREN ARRRESTED
TV
KENNEDY - SENT TROOPS TO RESTORE ORDER - ENDED SEGREGATION

Question 7

JFK:CIVIL RIGHTS

Answer 7

CEEO - EQUAL JOB OPPORTUNITES
SENT SOLDIERS TO PROTECT A BLACK STUDENT JAMES MEREDITH THAT WAS FACING PERSECUTION

ONLY HELPED THOSE THAT ALREADY HAD A JOB - NOT THE MILLIONS OF UNEMPLOYED AA’S
COULD HAVE DONE MORE - CONCERNED WITH WHAT VOTERS THOUGHT OF HIM
DIDNT PASS THE CRA - ASSASINATED

Question 8

JFK: THE ECONOMY

Answer 8

CUT TAXES - MORE SPENDING MONEY
GAVE GRANTS TO COMPANIES - TO BUY HIGH TECH EQUIPMENT
MADE 900 MILLION AVAILABLE TO BUSINESSES TO CREATE NEW JOBS

ONLY 1 MILLION FEWER UNEMPLOYED - 5.5M 1960
4.5M 1963
AA’S UNEMPLOYMENT WAS 2X WHITE
NEW EQUIPMENT - LESS WORKERS NEEDED

Question 9

JFK: HEALTHCARE AND DEALING WITH THE ECONOMY

Answer 9

INCREASED MINIMUM WAGE $1 - $1.25
4.9BN AVAILABLE FOR LOANS - TO IMPROVE HOUSING CLEAR SLUM AREAS

ONLY HELPED THOSE IN WORK
ONLY USEFUL IF THEY COULD AFFORD TO REPAY THE LOANS

Question 10

JFK: EDUCATION

Answer 10

ESTABLISHED PEACE CORPS - SENDS VOLUNTEERS ABROAD TO HELP POORER COUNTRIES
- STILL SURVIVES TODAY

WANTED TO GIVE MORE MONEY TO SCHOOLS BUT CONGRESS DEFEATED HIS PROPOSALS

Question 11

JOHNSON : CIVIL RIGHTS

Answer 11

CRA - 1964
VRA - 1965
400000 NEWLY REGISTERED BLACK VOTERS
30% OF AA’S LIVING IN POVERTY - SMALL IMPROVEMENT
GROWING RACIAL TENSIONS - RIOTS AND DEATHS - 1968

Question 12

JOHNSON :THE ECONOMY

Answer 12

CUT TAXES - BENEFITED THE BETTER OFF
IMPROVED TRANSPORT LINKS WHICH BENEFITED MIDDLE CLASS COMMUTERS

UNEMPLOYMENT + INFLATION BEGAN TO RISE

Question 13

JOHNSON : HEALTH CARE AND DEALING WITH POVERTY

Answer 13

INCREASE MINIMUM WAGE - $1.40
MEDICARE - FUNDED HEALTHCARE FOR THE ELDERLY AND POOR

UNEMPLOYMENT INCREASED WIDE SPREAD RIOTING

Question 14

JOHNSON :EDUCATION

Answer 14

OPERATION HEADSTART
- MONEY TO SCHOOLS TO PROVIDE BETTER EDUCATION FOR THE POOR
ELEMENTRY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION ACT - MAJOR SCHOOL FUNDING
JOBS CORP - HELPED SCHOOL LEAVERS FIND WORK

Question 15

TWO PROBLEMS FACED BY KENNEDY AND JOHNSON

Answer 15

VIETNAM WAR - ESCALATED US INVOLVEMENT LEADING TO WIDESPREAD PROTESTS AND POLITICAL TURMOIL DOMESTICALLY

CRM - FACED OPPOSITION AND RESISTANCE FROM SEGREGATIONISTS AND CONSERVATIVE FACTIONS