Civil Rights Movement

Question 1

Thurgood Marshall

Answer 1

He was an American Civil Rights lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1967 until 1991. He was the Supreme Courts first African-American justice.

Question 2

13th Amendment

Answer 2

Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

Question 3

14th Amendment

Answer 3

Granted citizenship to all persons “born or naturalized in the United States,” including formerly enslaved people, and provided all citizens with “equal protection under the laws,”

Question 4

15th Amendment

Answer 4

Granted African American men the right to vote

Question 5

16th Amendment

Answer 5

It gave the federal government the power to collect income tax

Question 6

26th Amendment

Answer 6

Extended voting rights (suffrage) to citizens aged 18 years or older

Question 7

Plessy V. Ferguson

Answer 7

A landmark 1896 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine

Question 8

Brown v. Board of Education

Answer 8

The Supreme Court ruled that separating children in public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional. It signaled the end of legalized racial segregation in the schools of the United States, overruling the “separate but equal” principle set forth in the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson case

Question 9

Hernandez v. Texas

Answer 9

The Supreme Court unanimously ruled that the 14th amendment applied to all racial and ethnic groups facing discrimination, effectively broadening civil rights laws to include Hispanics and all other non-whites

Question 10

Sweatt v. Painter

Answer 10

Ruled that in states where public graduate and professional schools existed for white students but not for black students, black students must be admitted to the all-white institutions, and that the equal protection clause required Sweatt’s admission to the University of Texas School of Law

Question 11

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Answer 11

Signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote as guaranteed under the 15th amendment to the U.S. Constitution

Question 12

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 12

Prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin

Question 13

Lyndon B. Johnson

Answer 13

JFK’s vice president, who became president after JFK’s assassination, was the 36th U.S. President and had a vision to build “A Great Society” for the American people.

Question 14

Great Society

Answer 14

An ambitious series of policy initiatives, legislation and programs spearheaded by President Lyndon B. Johnson with the main goals of ending poverty, reducing crime, abolishing inequality and improving the environment

Question 15

Affirmative Action

Answer 15

A policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities

Question 16

Results of the CRM

Answer 16

Brought about legislation to end segregation, Black voter suppression and discriminatory employment and housing practices

Question 17

Orval Faubus

Answer 17

In 1957, Governor Faubus gained national attention when he called out the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the integration of Central High School in Little Rock, but he was eventually forced to withdraw the Guard.

Question 18

Little Rock Nine

Answer 18

A group of African American high school students who challenged racial segregation in the public schools of Little Rock, Arkansas

Question 19

George Wallace

Answer 19

American Democratic politician who was a four time governor of Alabama and who led the South’s fight against federally ordered racial integration in the 1960s

Question 20

MLK Jr

Answer 20

An American Baptist minister and activist, one of the most prominent leaders in the civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968

Question 21

Malcolm X

Answer 21

A minister, a leader in the civil rights movement and a supporter of Black nationalism. He urged his fellow Black Americans to protect themselves against white aggression by “any means necessary,” a stance that often put him at odds with the nonviolent teachings of Martin Luther King, Jr.

Question 22

Feminine Mystique

Answer 22

A 1963 best selling book that gave voice to millions of American women’s frustrations with their limited gender roles and helped spark widespread public activism for gender equality

Question 23

Civil Disobedience

Answer 23

A public, non-violent and conscientious breach of law undertaken with the aim of bringing about a change in laws or government policies

Question 24

Types of protests used

Answer 24

Civil disobedience, nonviolent resistance, marches, protests, boycotts, “freedom rides,” and rallies

Question 25

NAACP

Answer 25

(National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) It was established in 1909 and it was formed in New York City by white and Black activists, partially in response to the ongoing violence against Black Americans around the country

Question 26

CORE

Answer 26

(Congress of Racial Equality) Founded in 1942 by an interracial group of students in Chicago, the Congress of Racial Equality pioneered the use of nonviolent direct action in America’s civil rights struggle

Question 27

SCLC

Answer 27

(Southern Christian Leadership Conference) Set out to eliminate segregation from American society and to encourage African Americans to register to vote

Question 28

W.E.B. Du Bois

Answer 28

One of the the foremost Black intellectuals of his era. The first Black American to earn a PhD from Harvard University, Du Bois published widely before becoming NAACP’s director of publicity and research and starting the organizations official journal