Civil Rights Era

Question 1

Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer 1

1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation as long as the separate facilities were equal – “separate but equal”

Question 2

What is segregation?

Answer 2

Separation of people based on race, ethnicity, or other differences

Question 3

What is de facto segregation?

Answer 3

Segregation enforced by economic, social conditions, or personal choice

Question 4

What is de jure segregation?

Answer 4

Segregation enforced legally/administrative decision

Question 5

What was a literacy test?

Answer 5

A test given before voting – often used to prevent black citizens from voting

Question 6

What is gerrymandering?

Answer 6

Manipulation of an electoral constituency’s borders to favor a voting party/class

Question 7

What was the color line?

Answer 7

The division of black and white societies into different and unequal worlds

Question 8

Who was Jackie Robinson?

Answer 8

The first black major league baseball player – brought opportunities

Question 9

What was Executive Order 9981?

Answer 9

“there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed forces without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin.”

Question 10

What was CORE?

Answer 10

Congress of Racial Equality – 1944 civil rights organization best known for its “freedom rides”

Question 11

What was NAACP?

Answer 11

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People – 1909 civil rights organization formed as an interracial endeavor to advance justice for black americans

Question 12

What was Brown v. Board of Education?

Answer 12

Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson declaring racially segregated facilities inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated

Question 13

Who was Rosa Parks?

Answer 13

Civil rights activist born in 1913 who refused to give up her bus seat to a white man in Montgomery, Alabama triggering the civil rights movement

Question 14

What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

Answer 14

A 1955 boycott of city busses led by Martin L. King as a result of Rosa Parks – 11 months later Supreme Court ruled segregation of public transportation illegal

Question 15

What is nonviolent resistance?

Answer 15

Confrontation of injustice and violence with peaceful strategies

Question 16

Who was Martin L. King Jr.?

Answer 16

U.S baptist and civil rights leader – opposed discrimination against black americans by organizing peaceful protests, was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee

Question 17

What was the Integration of Central High School?

Answer 17

1957-1958 Nine black students (The Little Rock Nine) were chosen to attend a white school in Little Rock but were met with mob violence – Eisenhower called the 101st Airborne to protect them

Question 18

What were sit-ins?

Answer 18

1960-1961 protests by black college students who took seats at “white-only” lunch counters and refused to leave without service– prompted the Student Non-Violent Coordination Committee (SNCC)

Question 19

Who were the Freedom Riders?

Answer 19

Activists from the North who rode buses into the South to push against segregation– bomb was thrown on bus causing it to set on fire, escaped to be met with brutal beatings

Question 20

What was the Birmingham March?

Answer 20

Peaceful civil rights marchers were repelled by police with attack dogs and high pressure water hoses; King imprisoned, led Kennedy to pursue civil rights laws

Question 21

What was the March on Washington?

Answer 21

1963 rally to show support for the Civil Rights Bill in Congress– MLK gave his famous “I have a dream…” speech, 250,000 people attended the rally

Question 22

Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Answer 22

made racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers illegal and gave the government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights including desegregation of schools and public places

Question 23

The assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.?

Answer 23

MLK is shot by a sniper around 6 by James Earl Ray in Memphis, Tennessee in 1968– caused riots over 100 cities across America, one week after his death Congress passed the Civil rights Act of 1968 - prevented discrimination in housing

Question 24

Who were the United Farm Workers?

Answer 24

Mexican Americans organize for better working conditions under leader Cesar Chavez

Question 25

What was NOW?

Answer 25

1966,National Organization for Women called for equal employment opportunity and equal pay for women– championed the legalization of abortion and passage of an equal rights amendment to the Constitution

Question 26

Who was Cesar Chavez?

Answer 26

1963-1970 Non-violent leader of the United Farm Workers– organized laborers in California and in the Southwest to strike against fruit and vegetable growers, unionized Mexican-American farm workers

Question 27

What was the American Indian Movement?

Answer 27

led by Dennis Banks and Russell Means– purpose was to obtain equal rights for Native Americans, protested at the site of the Wounded Knee massacre

Question 28

What was the Americans with Disabilities Act?

Answer 28

1991 act banned discrimination against the disabled in employment and mandated easy access to all public and commercial buildings– included adding braille on elevators and access ramps into buildings

Question 29

What was the Black Panther Party?

Answer 29

1996 group inspired by Black Power– provided aid to black neighborhoods, often thought of as radical or violent