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HISTORY civil rights a divided union 1945-1974 (1) > CIVIL RIGHTS/ Divided Union 1945-1974 > Flashcards

CIVIL RIGHTS/ Divided Union 1945-1974 Flashcards

HISTORY REVISION 1.8.24

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1
Q

How is the USA governed?

A

3 Branches
Legislative
Executive
Judicial

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2
Q

What does the legislative government do?

A

*Writes the laws
*Confirms presidential
appointments

*Ratifies treaties
*Grants money
*Declares wars

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3
Q

What does the executive branch do?

A

*Proposes laws
*Administers laws
*Command armed forces
*negotiates treaties
*conducts foreign policies

*appoints ambassadors and other officials

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4
Q

Name 6 key Features of the constitution

A

republicanism

federalism

Limited gov

separation of powers

checks and balances

Individual rights

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5
Q

What does the judicial branch do?

A

Interprets the constitution and other laws

Reviews lower court decisions

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6
Q

What is republicanism?

A

Principle of gov of the people by the people for the people -Abe Lincoln Gettysburg 1863

Belief in representative Gov

EST. foundations of democracy

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7
Q

Describe Federalism

A

System of gov shared powers between federal and state

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8
Q

Name some aspects of limited gov

A

Gov subject to rule of law- if a member breaks it then they would face trial

prevents tyranny as gov limited by laws

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9
Q

What does it mean by separation of power in terms of the constitution

A

Principle 3 branches

gov separate in terms of personal - cannot be a member of 2 branches eg Barack O resigning from senate

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10
Q

What provides citizens in USA with constitutional rights

A

The First Amendment of - Bill of Rights
1789

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11
Q

What was the Cold War

A

Tension and rivalry between USA and USSR 1945-1990

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12
Q

What does USSR stand for

A

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

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13
Q

Why was there tension between USA and USSR

A

Belief in diff ideologies

USA wants to spread democracy and capitalism

USSR wants communism

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14
Q

How did the USA and USSR fight

A

Indirectly and by proxy

weapons to non communist sides

Korean War (1950-53) is first example - USA support south Korea

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15
Q

Who emerged as the superpowers after WW2

A

USSR USA

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16
Q

What did the term ‘East’ mean

A

USSR and her ALLIES in Eastern Europe

Poland East Germany Czechoslovakia Bulgaria Romania Hungary

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17
Q

Was Yugoslavia part of the East?

A

Yes and communist BUT not directly under the influence of USSR during the Cold War

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18
Q

When was the Russian revolution

A

October 1917

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19
Q

Why was the West shocked by the Bolsheviks

A

The executed the Romanovs - royals

Lenin used force to overtake gov

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20
Q

Who did Britain France and USA provide aid to

A

Anti communist Russians
West suspicious that Communism taking over

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21
Q

Who became leader of Russia in 1928

A

Joseph Stalin

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22
Q

What did Stalin Fear

A

Western Invasion

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23
Q

What led to tensions btw Russia and West before 1945

A

Mutual distrust

differnce of ideologies

24
Q

What year did Stalin become leader

A

1928

25
Q

What forced the West and USSR to become temporary partners?

A

The threat of Hitler - they bid to destroy Nazis

26
Q

What was the Grand Alliance?

A

It was made up of USA USSR Britain France to lead a fight against the AXIS powers (Germany Italy Japan) in WW2

27
Q

Why was there tension in the Grand Alliance?

A

Stalin had previously signed the Nazi-Soviet Non Aggression Pact in August 1939 with Hitler

28
Q

Why was Stalin increasingly suspicious of the West?

A

The delayed the opening of the Second Front

29
Q

What was the Second Front?

A

The border between USSR and Poland which could have eased pressure on Red army who were doing the brunt of fight against nazis

30
Q

What did Stalin suspect interns of the West and the Second Front?

A

Stalin thought they were deliberately delaying sending help so the nazis could kill many more soviets and thus weaken communism

31
Q

When were the Yalta Potsdam conferences

A

1945

32
Q

Who met at the Yalta Conference?

A

Churchill Roosevelt Stalin

33
Q

What were the allies keen to agree on at Yalta?

A

Take actions after victory over nazis

34
Q

Why was it Roosevelt’s last meeting with the leaders?

A

He died in April 1945

35
Q

What were the Yalta Agreements

A

USSR needed to help the West fight Japs

Germany divided into 4 zones post war

nazis brought to criminal trial

UN created

Eastern Europe Soviet sphere of influence

36
Q

Name some of the disagreements at Yalta

A

Stalin disagreed with how much reparations Germany should pay he wanted 20 billion dollars

Stalin wants Poland as a barrier against future invasion

he wants a friendly Poland and protection against Germany- west thought Stalin wanted control and no democracy

37
Q

When was Potsdam Conference?

A

July 1945

38
Q

Who was at the Potsdam Conference?

A

Stalin, Harry Truman and Clement Attlee

39
Q

Since Yalta where had the red army liberated the most?

A

Eastern Europe

40
Q

Where did the red army remain in 1945?

A

Germany- east Poland Romania Bulgaria Hungary

41
Q

What type of gov did Stalin set up in Poland in 1945 and what did the west think?

A

Communist and the west was suspicious of USSR motives

42
Q

What did the USA test in secret in 16th July 1945?

A

The first atomic bomb

43
Q

How many zones was Berlin split into

A

4

44
Q

When was the Potsdam Conference?

A

July 1945

45
Q

Name some of the agreements in Potsdam Conference

A

Divide Germany into 4 zones
run by Britain USA USSR

Demilitarise Germany

Establish democracy - free elections and speech

Reparations-raw materials
USSR given 1/4 in return for food and coal from soviets

Ban Nazi Party

46
Q

What did they disagree on during Potsdam Conference in 1945?

A

The amount of reparations - USSR want Germany to be weak and USA want revive to prevent rise extremism in future

Truman wants free elections
Stalin wants ‘friendly governments’ in Eastern Europe

47
Q

Why did USSR want to spread communism in Eastern Europe?

A

USSR had been invaded twice before by Germany

USSR invaded once by west in 20th century

Eastern Europe seen as buffer zone against aggressive nations

48
Q

what methods did USSR use to overtake Eastern Europe?

A

Coalition gov

Communists given powerful positions

opposition forced to leave

Rigged elections

49
Q

which countries foreign policy was responsible for beginning of Cold War?

A

Americas- under Truman 1945-52

50
Q

What anti communist measures did Truman introduce?

A

Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan

51
Q

What was the Truman doctrine?

A

Policy to contain communism anywhere in the world

52
Q

What was the Marshall Plan?

A

Package financial aid and loans to help countries resisting communism

53
Q

Why was The Truman Doctrine introduced?

A

USA convinced USSR spreading communism

Britain appeals to USA to help fight communists in Greece- 40 000 brit troops needed help in 1946

Churchills iron curtain speech

54
Q

Why was Marshall plan introduced?

A

Stop extremist movements - such as countries in economic crisis

investment would lead to prosperity and other countries would turn against comm

it could only be effective with financial backing

55
Q

How did USA implement Truman Doctrine?

A

Military resources and financial aid

56
Q

How was Marshall plan implemented?

A

17 billion investment between 1948-52

creates jobs infrastructure education and machinery

HISTORY civil rights a divided union 1945-1974 (1) (3 decks)

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