Civil Rights CH.5 Flashcards
__________ are rights related to the duties of the citizenship and the opportunities for participation in civic life that the government is obligated to protect.
Civil rights
The most important right is the right to
Vote
The actions of the southern states during the period of segregation, such as denying African Americans the right to vote or appear in public places are examples of _________.
Public discrimination
In what year did women get the right to vote nationally?
1920
Originally, colonial Africans were not slaves, but were __________, with few differences from indentured servants of other races.
Servants
The __________ banned slavery in the territories that were north of the southern border of Missouri.
Missouri Compromise (1820)
In Dred Scott v. Sanford, the court ruled that not only could Congress not ban slavery in the territories but that blacks were not
Citizens
During the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln ___________, which made slavery illegal in those states in rebellion as of January 1, 1863.
Issued the Emancipation Proclamation
Congress first allowed nonwhites to become naturalized citizens in __________, when it extended naturalization to “persons of African descent.”
1870
Full-fledged membership in a nation is called __________
Citizenship
The Indian Removal Act of 1830, created the forcible removal of Native Americans to
Reservations
During the Mexican Repatriation, roughly 60 percent of those deported were _________.
U.S citizens
The __________ Act of 1924 placed quotas for ethnic groups based on the proportion of Americans from each nationality resident in 1890, thereby severely limiting the number of whites considered to be of “lower race,” that is, those from southern and eastern Europe.
Immigration
In order to keep ethnic groups as well as anyone considered undesirable out of the country, Congress used
Immigration laws
The ___________ Amendment, in addition to guaranteeing that no state shall deny any person due process of law, prohibits states from denying any person the equal protection of the law.
Fourteenth
___________ laws were used by southern states to enforce segregation of whites and black in all public places.
Jim Crow laws
The Courts ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson established the doctrine of
Separate-but-equal doctrine
The states continued the English policy of __________, which granted married women no rights independent of their husbands.
Coverture
In 1789, only __________ allowed women the right to vote, provided the women met the state’s property requirements. This right was rescinded in 1807.
New Jersey
By August 1920, with effective lobbying by suffragist groups, three-quarters of the states ratified the ____________ Amendment, guaranteeing women the right to vote in the November 1920 presidential election.
Nineteenth
In the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education, the Court ruled that segregated schools violated the
Equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
While the Court’s ruling in Brown was historic, the ruling itself did little to desegregate schools due to its ambiguous command that schools should desegregate
“With all deliberate speed.”
President John Kennedy had to send 25,000 federal troops to ensure the enrollment of one black man, James Meredith, at ___________ in 1962.
The University of Mississippi
On December 1, 1955, police arrested __________ for refusing to give her seat on a bus to a white person.
Rosa Parks
In Loving v. Virginia (1967), the Court struck down ___________, finding no compelling interest in a law that prohibited interracial marriage.
Miscegenation
Martin Luther King Jr. insisted that ___________ was the only gateway to negotiation. Those negotiations ended with Birmingham business agreeing to ingrate lunch counters and hire more blacks.
Peaceful civil disobedience
In March 1965, Martin Luther King Jr. organized a voting rights march from __________, where the Alabama police, under the authority of Governor George Wallace, beat the marchers with whips, and cattle prods.
Selma to Montgomery
In 1972, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) established the _________, which worked to eliminate discriminatory laws by developing a litigation strategy for ending gender-based discrimination.
Women’s Rights Project
