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Nat 5 Free At Last > Civil Rights Campaign > Flashcards

Civil Rights Campaign Flashcards

1
Q

What was Brown vs. Topeka?

A

A case designed to end segregation in American schools.

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2
Q

What decision did the Supreme Court make on 19th May 1954?

A

That “separate but equal” was wrong.

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3
Q

How many black children attended desegregated schools a year after Brown Vs. Topeka?

A

None

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4
Q

Where was the first school to be desegregated?

A

Little Rock, Arkansas.

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5
Q

What support did the Federal Government give to the Little Rock Nine?

A

Sent over 1,000 paratroopers from the 101st Airborne Division and the National Guard to protect them from protestors.

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6
Q

What protest did Martin Luther King join in 1955 in Montgomery?

A

The Montgomery Bus Boycott

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7
Q

Why did the Montgomery Bus Boycott take place?

A

People were fed up of moving to the back of the bus and being segregated on Montgomery buses.

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8
Q

What role did Rosa Parks play in the Civil Rights movement?

A

She refused to move seat on a bus and kicked off the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

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9
Q

How long did the Montgomery Bus Boycott last for?

A

381 days

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10
Q

What percentage of bus passengers in Montgomery, Alabama, were black?

A

70%

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11
Q

What sort of power were civil rights campaigners using in the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

A

Economic power

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12
Q

The tactics of the bus boycott are best described as …

A

“non violent civil disobedience”

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13
Q

What sort of law were the Montgomery Bus Boycott protesters challenging?

A

A Jim Crow Law.

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14
Q

In which year was the first Civil Rights Act of the 20th century passed?

A

1957

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15
Q

What did the 1957 Civil Rights Act change?

A

created an agency that would bring to trial any white officials who denied black people their rights.

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16
Q

How many extra black voters had been added within 2 years of the 1957 Civil Rights Act?

A

None.

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17
Q

The 1957 Civil Rights Act had so little impact, it was just a ___________ to Black Americans.

A

gesture

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18
Q

On the 1st of February, 1960, the first Sit In took place in

A

Greensboro, North Carolina

19
Q

The point of the Sit ins was…

A

…to draw attention to illegal segregation that still happened in America

20
Q

The non violent protest of sit ins was met with…

A

…violence and arrests.

21
Q

A slogan and tactic from non-violent protestors was to “F _ _ _ the _ _ _ _ s”

A

Fill the Jails

22
Q

Which group more commonly took part in sit-ins?

A

students.

23
Q

The SNCC is an abbreviation of…

A

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.

24
Q

Sit ins were important because…

A

they put civil rights into the newspapers and TV bulletins and drew a lot of attention.

25
Q

CORE is an abbreviation for

A

Congress On Racial Equality.

26
Q

In May, 1961, the first Freedom Ride travelled from __________ to _____________

A

Washington DC to New Orleans

27
Q

The Ku Klux Klan attacked a Freedom Rider bus in…

A

Birmingham, Alabama

28
Q

The point of Freedom Rides was

A

to show that interstate travel was still segregated, by having black students use “whites only” washrooms that shouldn’t have existed.

29
Q

The Freedom Rides were successful because

A

they showed that people could take action against unjust laws and bring about change without violence.

30
Q

Whose slogan was “Segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever!”

A

Governor George Wallace of Birmingham Alabama

31
Q

Why did MLK choose Birmingham, Alabama as a site for a protest?

A

Birmingham was one of the most racist, segregated cities in the country. MLK knew he would get a violent reaction that would look good on TV.

32
Q

Who was the chief of police in Birmingham, Alabama?

A

“Bull” Connor

33
Q

What was MLK’s big aim with his protest in Birmingham, Alabama?

A

He wanted to persuade the American people and President Kennedy that Civil Rights were important and necessary.

34
Q

“Civil rights marchers should thank God for…”

A

“Bull Connor”

35
Q

Why was MLK grateful to Bull Connor?

A

Connor used excessive violence including water cannons, dogs and cattle prods to “police” the march in Birmingham. It horrified Americans and put pressure on JFK.

36
Q

In August 1963, MLK led a march on which American city?

A

Washington DC

37
Q

How many protestors join in the March on Washington?

A

200,000

38
Q

MLK gave his “I have a dream” speech next to the

A

Lincoln Memorial.

39
Q

What 3 big changes did the Civil Rights Act 1964 make?

A

No racial discrimination in public, no segregation, no discrimination in employment.

40
Q

What did the Civil Rights Act 1964 not fix?

A

police brutality, violence, political representation, housing, wages, poverty,

41
Q

Why did MLK choose Selma, Alabama as a place to protest?

A

Selma had the lowest number of black Americans registered to vote.

42
Q

Why was the vote so important to black people?

A

It made the government want to solve problems for black Americans.

43
Q

What impact did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 have?

A

An additional 250,000 black Americans were registered to vote.

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