Civil Rights

Question 1

Equal Protection Clause

Answer 1

requires states to apply the law the same way to one person that they would for another

Question 2

Why was the Equal Protection Clause established and why was it important

Answer 2

it was established to protect the rights of newly freed slaves and was important because it extended these rights from federal to state level

Question 3

13th amendment

Answer 3

banned slavery in the U.S.

Question 4

14th amendment

Answer 4

established that all people born in the U.S. were citizens and required states to guarantee equal protection and due process of the law to all people

Question 5

15th amendment

Answer 5

guaranteed African American males the right to vote

Question 6

The three Reconstruction Era amendments

Answer 6

13th, 14th, 15th

Question 7

How Native Americans were discriminated against

Answer 7

• forced off of their land and into reservations
• forced to go to ‘‘Americanization’’ schools where they were stripped of their culture and learned ‘‘American’’ culture and values

Question 8

How Hispanics were discriminated against

Answer 8

• the immigration debate was centered around hispanics and not other groups
• faced discrimination in employment, housing, voting, and education

Question 9

How women were discriminated against

Answer 9

• before 1920, women could not vote, serve on juries, and had unequal property and custody rights
• expected to take care of the family, did not have education and job opportunities

Question 10

The 4 Progressive Era amendments

Answer 10

16th, 17th, 18th, 19th

Question 11

16th amendment

Answer 11

Congress’s ability to levy a federal tax based on income. Most Americans were in favor, revenue came from tariffs which drove up prices on goods

Question 12

17th amendment

Answer 12

Allowed voters to directly elect their U.S. Senators, rather than having state legislators choose them. Helped end elections that only won from bribes/corruption

Question 13

18th amendment

Answer 13

banned the sale, transportation, and manufacturing of alcohol in the U.S. Alcohol was blamed for many social problems such as child abuse, domestic violence, and theft

Question 14

19th amendment

Answer 14

gave women the right to vote

Question 15

Two voting reforms passed during the 1960s

Answer 15

24th amendment and Voting Right Act of 1965

Question 16

24th amendment

Answer 16

banned poll taxes which were used to keep African Americans from voting, used as Jim Crow legislation

Question 17

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Answer 17

banned unfair test in voting, such as literacy test. Allowed federal agents to help register African American voters

Question 18

Four ways to lose citizenship

Answer 18

1. Committing serious crimes against the U.S. government -treason-
2. Voluntarily giving up your citizenship
3. Lying or providing false information during the naturalization process

Question 19

Prejudice

Answer 19

a preconceived opinion that is not based off reason or actual experience

Question 20

Racism

Answer 20

prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one’s own race is superior

Question 21

Civil RIghts Act of 1866

Answer 21

sought to guarantee African Americans the right to sue, own property, and be a witness in court

Question 22

Civil Rights Act of 1871

Answer 22

sought to protect African Americans from KKK violence. Provided harsher penalties for hate crimes, allowed individuals to sue state officials for civil rights violations

Question 23

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 23

laws aimed mostly at African Americans -also Hispanics and Native Americans- They were designed to maintain white power and privilege. Also kept non-whites in an inferior position

Question 24

Civil Disobedience

Answer 24

nonviolent refusals to obey the law as a way to advocate change. Goal is to spark a violent reaction

Question 25

Civil Right Act of 1957

Answer 25

established the Civil Rights Commision -investigate civil rights violations- and created a civil rights division within the Dept. of Justice -enforced civil rights laws-

Question 26

Civil Right Act of 1960

Answer 26

gave the federal government the power to inspect local voter registration and penalize anyone who obstructs a person’s right to vote

Question 27

Civil Right Act of 1964

Answer 27

Banned discrimination based on race, color, national origin, or sex in voting, employment, and public accommodations. Created the Equal Employment Commision

Question 28

Civil Right Act of 1968

Answer 28

Banned housing discrimination including sale, rental, or financing

Question 29

Affirmative Action

Answer 29

requires employers and institutions to provide opportunities for members of certain historically underrepresented groups. A way to diversify the workplace and education

Question 30

Naturalization

Answer 30

the legal process by which an immigrant can become a citizen

Question 31

Denaturalization

Answer 31

if someone lies or provides false information during the naturalization process they could lose citizenship

Question 32

Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965

Answer 32

got rid of the country based quota system. Allows 290,000 immigrants annually. 120,000 from the western hemisphere and 17,000 from the eastern. 1990 law was updated to 670,000 immigrants annually