Civil Rights Flashcards
Remedial action designed to overcome the effects of discrimination against minorities and women
Affirmative action
The rights of all people to be free from irrational discrimination such as that based on race, religion, gender, or ethnic origin
Civil rights
A lawsuit brought by an individual or a group of people on behalf of all those similarly situated
Class action suit
Segregation resulting from economic or social conditions or personal choice
De facto segregation
Segregation imposed by law
De Jure segregation
Citizenship in more than one nation
Dual citizenship
This test has been applied when law classifies based on sex, to be uphold, the law must meet an important government interest
Heightened scrutiny test
State laws formally pervasive throughout the South requiring public facilities and accommodations to be segregated by race;ruled unconstitutional
Jim Crow laws
A literacy requirement some states imposed as a condition of voting in the South; now illegal
Literacy test
A legal action conferring citizenship on an alien
Naturalisation
Tax required to vote; prohibited for national elections in the 24th amendment and then ruled unconstitutional for all elections
Poll tax
Drawing of election districts so as to ensure members of a certain race are a minority in the district; unconstitutional
Racial gerrymandering
A standard developed by courts to test the constitutionality of a law; when applied, a law is constitutional as long as it meets reasonable government interest
Rational bias test
A provision in a deed to real property prohibiting its sale to a person of a particular race or religion. Judicial enforcement of such deeds is unconstitutional
Restrictive covenant
The right to renounce ones citizenship
Right of expatriation
