Civil Rights Flashcards
Separate-but-equal doctrine
The doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson that African Americans could constitutionally be kept in separate but equal facilities
Suspect classification
Classifications of people based on their race or ethnicity; laws so classifying people are subject to “strict scrutiny”
Strict scrutiny
The standard by which “suspect classifications” are judged. To be upheld, such a classification must be relate to a “compelling government interest”, be “narrowly tailored” to achieve that interest, and use the “least restrictive means” available
De jure segregation
Racial segregation that is required by law
De facto segregation
Racial segregation that occurs in schools, not as a result of the law, but as a result of patterns of residential settlement
Civil disobedience
Opposing a law one considers unjust by peacefully disobeying it and accepting the resultant punishment
Police powers
State power to effect laws promoting health, safety, and morals
Equality of results
Making certain that people achieve the same result
Affirmative action
Laws or administrative regulations that require a business firm, government agency, labor union, school, college, or other organization to take positive steps to increase the number of African Americans, other minorities, or women in its membership
Reverse discrimination
Using race or sex to give preferential treatment to some people
Equality of opportunity
Giving people an equal chance to succeed.
Civil rights
The rights of people to be treated without unreasonable of unconstitutional differences
