Civil Rights Flashcards
when and what was Plessy vs Ferguson?
1896
US Supreme Court decision which supported Jim Crow ‘separate but equal’ policy
Homer Plessy - sat in vacant white only seat breaking ‘speedster car act’
filed petition abasing judge confiding in the 14th amendment
SC judicial view that it didn’t violate the 14th amendment as degree of conditions were irrelevant
What we’re the NAACP, what did they stand for?
1944-1950 won a series of cases before SC
main aim: undermine ruling of Plessy vs Ferguson
who did the NAACP hire?
established a legal defends fund
hired best black lawyers:
- Robert Carter
- Charles Houston
NAACP example cases?
1) 1946 Morgan vs Virginia - desegregated seating on interstate buses
2) 1947 Patton vs Mississippi - ruled against strategies that excluded AA from criminal juries
3) 1950 Mclauren vs Oklahoma - ruled against segregation in formally all white segregated graduate schools
evidence: interferes with class instruction/interaction
what did Morgan vs Virginia do?
1946
desegregating seating on interstate buses
what did Patton vs Mississippi do?
1947
ruled against strategies that excluded african americans from criminal juries
what did Mclauren vs Oklahoma do?
1950
ruled against segregation in for all all white graduate schools on ground that it interferes with instruction/interaction
when was RCNL found and what did they do?
service station boycotts + economic boycotts
RCNL related: what was their slogan and who said it?
“don’t buy gas where you can’t use the restroom” - Medgar Evans
how many bumper car stickers did RCNL produce?
20,000 between 1952-1953
when was the Progressive Voters League found and what did they do?
1947 conducted voter drives focused on AA community unconfrontational purpose: civic education + political participation motivated by qualified black voters
when was CORE’s ‘journey of reconciliation’
1947
who found CORE?
James Farmer
what did CORE do?
inter-racial organisation
took non-violent approach
did sit-ins in coffee shops, public protests
organised 1st freedom ride journey through upper south
who found the Pullman Porters?
A Phillip Randolph
what we’re the Pullman Porters aims?
to end discrimination in the armed forces
we’re the Pullman Porters successful?
yes -
Truman passed executive order 9981 in 1948
ended segregation in the military
what we’re civil rights opposition under Truman?
Russia- used Jim Crow policies to gain support
southerners began saying CR was supported by communists
what did plessy vs ferguson support?
“separate but equal” - ensured survival of hun crow laws
what year did Homer Plessy the african american sit in the vacant white seat?
1892
when was Brown vs Board?
1954
what did brown vs board outlaw?
de jure racial segregation of public education facilities
Earl Warren - delivered unanimous ruling sanctioning segregation of public schools was a violation of the 14th amendment therefor unconstitutional
when was Gayle vs Browder?
1956
what was overturned in Gayle vs Browder?
segregation of city buses
montgomery bus boycott
november 13th 1956 SC ordered state of Alabama to desegregate all public buses
