Civil Rights

Question 1

when and what was Plessy vs Ferguson?

Answer 1

1896
US Supreme Court decision which supported Jim Crow ‘separate but equal’ policy

Homer Plessy - sat in vacant white only seat breaking ‘speedster car act’

filed petition abasing judge confiding in the 14th amendment

SC judicial view that it didn’t violate the 14th amendment as degree of conditions were irrelevant

Question 2

What we’re the NAACP, what did they stand for?

Answer 2

1944-1950 won a series of cases before SC

main aim: undermine ruling of Plessy vs Ferguson

Question 3

who did the NAACP hire?

Answer 3

established a legal defends fund
hired best black lawyers:

• Robert Carter
• Charles Houston

Question 4

NAACP example cases?

Answer 4

1) 1946 Morgan vs Virginia - desegregated seating on interstate buses
2) 1947 Patton vs Mississippi - ruled against strategies that excluded AA from criminal juries

3) 1950 Mclauren vs Oklahoma - ruled against segregation in formally all white segregated graduate schools
evidence: interferes with class instruction/interaction

Question 5

what did Morgan vs Virginia do?

Answer 5

1946

desegregating seating on interstate buses

Question 6

what did Patton vs Mississippi do?

Answer 6

1947

ruled against strategies that excluded african americans from criminal juries

Question 7

what did Mclauren vs Oklahoma do?

Answer 7

1950
ruled against segregation in for all all white graduate schools on ground that it interferes with instruction/interaction

Question 8

when was RCNL found and what did they do?

Answer 8

service station boycotts + economic boycotts

Question 9

RCNL related: what was their slogan and who said it?

Answer 9

“don’t buy gas where you can’t use the restroom” - Medgar Evans

Question 10

how many bumper car stickers did RCNL produce?

Answer 10

20,000 between 1952-1953

Question 11

when was the Progressive Voters League found and what did they do?

Answer 11

1947
conducted voter drives 
focused on AA community 
unconfrontational 
purpose: civic education + political participation 
motivated by qualified black voters

Question 12

when was CORE’s ‘journey of reconciliation’

Answer 12

1947

Question 13

who found CORE?

Answer 13

James Farmer

Question 14

what did CORE do?

Answer 14

inter-racial organisation
took non-violent approach
did sit-ins in coffee shops, public protests
organised 1st freedom ride journey through upper south

Question 15

who found the Pullman Porters?

Answer 15

A Phillip Randolph

Question 16

what we’re the Pullman Porters aims?

Answer 16

to end discrimination in the armed forces

Question 17

we’re the Pullman Porters successful?

Answer 17

yes -
Truman passed executive order 9981 in 1948
ended segregation in the military

Question 18

what we’re civil rights opposition under Truman?

Answer 18

Russia- used Jim Crow policies to gain support

southerners began saying CR was supported by communists

Question 19

what did plessy vs ferguson support?

Answer 19

“separate but equal” - ensured survival of hun crow laws

Question 20

what year did Homer Plessy the african american sit in the vacant white seat?

Answer 20

1892

Question 21

when was Brown vs Board?

Answer 21

1954

Question 22

what did brown vs board outlaw?

Answer 22

de jure racial segregation of public education facilities
Earl Warren - delivered unanimous ruling sanctioning segregation of public schools was a violation of the 14th amendment therefor unconstitutional

Question 23

when was Gayle vs Browder?

Answer 23

1956

Question 24

what was overturned in Gayle vs Browder?

Answer 24

segregation of city buses
montgomery bus boycott
november 13th 1956 SC ordered state of Alabama to desegregate all public buses

Question 25

what was the 14th ammendment?

Answer 25

rights of citizenship to all people born in the USA 1868

Question 26

what was the 15th ammandment and what was it for?

Answer 26

“right to vote”
especially in south they’d banned black people from voting
differen states had ways to tell if you were ‘black’

Question 27

one of the favourite ways to call someone black?

Answer 27

if you were at least 1/8 black ancestry

Question 28

when was the Trainibg and Service Act?

Answer 28

1940

Question 29

what did CR leaders pressure FDR to allow in 1940?

Answer 29

black men opportunity to register and serve in inter grated regiments

Question 30

who was Pittsburgh Courier James G. Thompson?

Answer 30

26 AA soldier who asked “should i sacrifice myself to love half American?” - used by black journalists to rally support for equality for African Americans