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Law > Civil Liberties Vocabulary > Flashcards

Civil Liberties Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Includes the right to remain silent, the right to have an attorney present during questioning, the right to an attorney if you can’t afford one, and the right to stop answering questions at any time

A

Miranda warning

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2
Q

Spoken untruths that are hurtful to someone’s reputation

A

Slander

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3
Q

Freedoms to think and act without government interference or fear of unfair legal treatment

A

Civil liberties

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4
Q

Government censorship of material before it is published

A

Prior restraint

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5
Q

This provision of the first amendment prohibits congress from designating any religion in the United States

A

Establishment clause

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6
Q

A law that punishes a person accused of a crime without a trial or fair hearing in court

A

Bill of attainder

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7
Q

A group of citizens that decides whether there is sufficient evidence to accuse someone of a crime

A

Grand jury

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8
Q

Procedures established by law and guaranteed by the constitution

A

Due process of law

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9
Q

Written untruths that are harmful to someone’s reputation

A

Libel

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10
Q

States that evidence that is obtained illegally cannot be used at trial

A

Exclusionary rule

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11
Q

The banning of printed materials or films due to alarming or offensive ideas

A

Censorship

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12
Q

The practice of using earlier judicial rulings as a basis for deciding cases

A

Stare decisis

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13
Q

A law that would allow a person to be punished for an action that was not against the law when it was committed

A

Ex post facto law

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14
Q

A court order that requires police to bring a prisoner to court to explain why they are holding the person

A

Writ of habeas corpus

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15
Q

Putting someone on trial for a crime which he or she was previously acquitted

A

Double jeopardy

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16
Q

A court order allowing law enforcement officers to search a suspects home or business and take specific items as evidence

A

Search warrant

17
Q

This provision of the first amendment prohibits congress from inferring with someone’s religious beliefs

A

Free exercise clause

18
Q

Under this rule, the Supreme Court tries not to overturn its own decisions unless it has a strong reason to do so

A

Stare decisis

19
Q

Any criminal offense that is punishable by death

A

Capitol offense

20
Q

Supreme Court case that created a special circumstances rule to determine whether or not a poor person would be provided with an attorney

A

Betts v. Brady

21
Q

A criminal offense that is punishable by a sentence of more than one year in jail

A

Felony

22
Q

Was accused of breaking and entering into the bay harbor poolroom in Panama City, Florida with the intent to commit petty larceny

A

Clarence earl Gideon

23
Q

The nine African American defendants that were accused of raping two white women on a train and despite the lack of evidence, eight of them were sentenced to death

A

Scottsboro boys

24
Q

Two opposing parties are in charge of presenting all evidence and questioning all witnesses

A

Adversary system

25
Q

Attorney that argued on behalf of Clarence earl Gideon in the Supreme Court

A

Abe Fortas

26
Q

Mentioned in the 5th and 14th amendment, these are constitutional protections that an individual accused of a crime is guaranteed and the legal procedures that must be followed to ensure fairness

A

Due process

27
Q

Supreme Court case that guaranteed the right to counsel in felony cases

A

Gideon v. Wainwright

28
Q

A criminal offense that is punishable by a sentence of less than one year

A

Misdemeanor

29
Q

The Supreme Court case that guaranteed the right for to legal counsel in any case in which the defendant is faced with the death penalty

A

Powell v. Alabama

30
Q

Term for an individual who because of his or her financial situation, cannot afford to hire their own attorney

A

Indigent

31
Q

Individual that was charged with robbery and ultimately convicted in Carroll county, Maryland. At his trial he requested an attorney because he could not afford one. The trial judge denied his request and his conviction was later upheld by the United States Supreme Court

A

Smith betts

32
Q

Guarantees a number of rights to an individual accused of a crime

A

6th amendment

33
Q

A legal motion to bring a case to the Supreme Court from a lower court

A

Writ of certiorari

34
Q

Allows a person to proceed in federal court without paying the filing fee of filing multiple copies of printed forms

A

In forma pauperis

35
Q

Supreme Court case that guaranteed the right to counsel in all criminal cases including those involving misdemeanors

A

Argersinger v. Hamlin

36
Q

Supreme Court case that stated that the bill of rights only applied to the federal government not to the states

A

Barron v. Baltimore

Law (11 decks)

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