Civil Liberties and Civil Rights

Question 1

Civil Right

Answer 1

Constitutional guarantees of equal opportunity and protection such as freedom from unwarranted searches, fair trails, and the right to vote.

Question 2

Civil Liberty

Answer 2

Freedoms guaranteed to individuals in the US Constitution’s Bill of Rights; these liberties restrain or stop government from taking particular actions, thus protecting individual choices.

Question 3

23rd amendment

Answer 3

DC gets electoral votes

Question 4

17th amendment

Answer 4

Direct election of senators

Question 5

Civil rights act of 1964

Answer 5

this law outlaw’s discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

Question 6

Voting rights act of 1965

Answer 6

this law prohibits racial discrimination in voting

Question 7

Title IX of the education amendments of 1972

Answer 7

this law made it illegal to discriminate on the basis of sex in any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance.

Question 8

intermediate scrutiny

Answer 8

used when a case involves discrimination based on gender or sex. burden of proof is on the government, which must demonstrate why the unequal treatment is needed

Question 9

Strict scrutiny

Answer 9

highest level of scrutiny. cases in which a fundamental right is violated. cases in which government action applies to a “suspect class” or “protected class” such as race, religion, or national origin. burden of proof on the government, which must show that there is “compelling interest” for treating people differently

Question 10

1st amendments five freedoms

Answer 10

1. freedom of religion
2. freedom of speech
3. freedom of press
4. freedome of peaceful assembly
5. freedom of petition the government to make amends for any government actions that hurt us

Question 11

4th amendment

Answer 11

warrants are necessary for searches and seizures to take place and warrants must be granted by a judge who, acting on a sworn statement for law enforcement

Question 12

5th amendment

Answer 12

a grand jury indictment is necessary to indict you for a serious crime, you cannot be tried for the same crime twice (double jeopardy), your life, liberty, or property cannot be taken without due process

Question 13

6th amendment

Answer 13

right to a speedy and public trial, right an impartial jury, right to confront any witnesses against you, and right to an attorney

Question 14

8th amendment

Answer 14

you are protected from excessive bail, you are protected from excessive fines and you are protected from cruel and unusual punishment

Question 15

7th amendment

Answer 15

your right to a civil trial is guaranteed, if the dispute exceeds $20 and the facts decided by a jury in a civil trial are not to be questioned, except under the rules of common law.

Question 16

“Lemon Test”

Answer 16

1. the action or law must not lead to excessive government entanglement with religion
2. the action or law can neither inhibit nor advance religious practice
3. the action or law must have some secular purposes

Question 17

The Miller Test

Answer 17

1. appeal to prurient (sexual) interest
2. be patently offensive within the standards of a particular community
3. lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value

Question 18

Equal protection clause

Answer 18

a clause in section 1 of the 14th amendment that prohibits the government from denying any person equal protection under the law

Question 19

What was the “separate but equal” doctorine?

Answer 19

the laws also called for segregation of whites and blacks in public places under the doctrine

Question 20

14th amendment

Answer 20

provided the rights of citizenship, due process by the states, and equal protection under the law

Question 21

13th amendment

Answer 21

abolished slavery

Question 22

15th amendment

Answer 22

right to vote cannot be denied based on race

Question 23

19th amendment

Answer 23

granted all women the right to vote

Question 24

Plessy v Ferguson

Answer 24

Separate but equal

Question 25

Miranda v Arizona

Answer 25

informed of constitutional rights

Question 26

Mapp v Ohia

Answer 26

evidence obtained without a warrant could not be used in criminal trial

Question 27

Cohen v California

Answer 27

symbolic speech

Question 28

Texas v Johnson

Answer 28

Burning the flag was a form of symbolic speech protected by the first amendment

Question 29

Obergefell v Hodges

Answer 29

same sex marriage

Question 30

roe v wade

Answer 30

a constitutional right to privacy that protects a woman’s right to terminate a pregnancy

Question 31

furman v georgia

Answer 31

a jury must be used to make factual determinations to base a death penalty on

Question 32

gillette v united states

Answer 32

a person must be opposed to all wars and not just a particular war to claim conscientious objector status