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civil engineering > civil eng. vocab > Flashcards

civil eng. vocab Flashcards

1
Q

structure

A

سازه

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2
Q

structural analysis

A

تحلیل سازه‌ها

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3
Q

strength of materials

A

مقاومت مصالح

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4
Q

structural members

A

اعضای سازه‌ای

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5
Q

concrete structures

A

سازه‌های بتنی

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6
Q

concrete technology

A

تکنولوژی بتن

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7
Q

equilibrium, balance

A

تعادل

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8
Q

stable

A

پایدار

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9
Q

indeterminate

A

نامعین

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10
Q

stress

A

تنش

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11
Q

strain

A

کرنش

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12
Q

bending, flexure

A

خمش

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13
Q

shear

A

برش

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14
Q

torsion

A

پیچش

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15
Q

moment

A

لنگر، گشتاور

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16
Q

column, post, pillar, strut

A

ستون

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17
Q

beam

A

تیر

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18
Q

unstable

A

ناپایدار

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19
Q

determinate

A

معین

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20
Q

slab

A

دال

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21
Q

joist

A

تیرچه (تیر فرعی)

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22
Q

girder

A

شاه‌تیر (تیر اصلی)

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23
Q

truss

A

خرپا

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24
Q

brace

A

مهار، مهار کردن، مهاربند، بادبند

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25
Q

deflection

A

خیز، تغییر شکل

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26
Q

drift

A

تغییر مکان جانبی

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27
Q

buckling

A

کمانش

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28
Q

fatigue

A

خستگی

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29
Q

creep

A

خزش

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30
Q

abrasion

A

سایش

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31
Q

corrosion

A

خوردگی، زنگ‌زدگی

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32
Q

crippling

A

لهیدگی

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33
Q

crack

A

ترک

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34
Q

failure, fracture, rupture

A

شکست، گسیختگی

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35
Q

flaw, defect, imperfection

A

عیب، نقص

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36
Q

compressive

A

فشاری

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37
Q

tensile

A

کششی

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38
Q

expansion

A

انبساط

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39
Q

contraction, shrinkage

A

انقباض، جمع‌شدگی

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40
Q

concrete

A

بتن

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41
Q

reinforced concrete

A

بتن مسلح

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42
Q

plain concrete

A

بتن ساده (غیرمسلح)

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43
Q

prestressed concrete

A

بتن پیش‌تنیده

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44
Q

bar, rebar

A

میلگرد

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45
Q

reinforcement

A

آرماتور، آرماتورگذاری، میلگرد

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46
Q

stirrup

A

خاموت، میلگرد برشی

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47
Q

yield strength

A

مقاومت تسلیم

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48
Q

ultimate strength

A

مقاومت نهایی

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49
Q

ductile, flexible, malleable

A

شکل‌پذیر، نرم

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50
Q

fragile, brittle

A

ترد، شکننده

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51
Q

rigid

A

صلب

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52
Q

stiffness, rigidity, hardness

A

سختی، صلبیت

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53
Q

serviceability

A

قابلیت بهره‌برداری، خدمت‌پذیری

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54
Q

residual stress

A

تنش پسماند

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55
Q

joint, connection, junction

A

اتصال

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56
Q

curing

A

عمل‌آوری (بتن)

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57
Q

workability

A

کارآیی، قابلیت کار کردن (بتن)

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58
Q

durability

A

دوام (بتن)

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59
Q

ductility

A

شکل‌پذیری (تحت تنش‌های کششی)

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60
Q

malleability

A

شکل‌پذیری (تحت تنش‌های فشاری)

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61
Q

brittleness

A

تردی، شکنندگی

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62
Q

beam-column

A

تیر-ستون

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63
Q

code

A

آیین‌نامه

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64
Q

support, abutment, bearing

A

تکیه‌گاه

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65
Q

roller support

A

تکیه‌گاه غلتکی

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66
Q

fixed support

A

تکیه‌گاه گیردار

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67
Q

hinged support, pinned support

A

تکیه‌گاه مفصلی

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68
Q

span, bay

A

دهانه (فاصله بین دو تکیه‌گاه)

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69
Q

framework, frame

A

قاب، چارچوب

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70
Q

settlement

A

نشست

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71
Q

mix design

A

طرح اختلاط (مربوط به بتن)

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72
Q

lean concrete

A

بتن مگر (بتن کم‌سیمان، معمولاً به منظور بسترسازی برای بتن اصلی)

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73
Q

concreting, pouring of concrete, placing of concrete

A

بتن‌ریزی

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74
Q

in-situ concrete, cast in place concrete

A

بتن درجا (بتن درجا ریخته شده)

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75
Q

precast concrete

A

بتن پیش‌ساخته

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76
Q

precast, prefabricated

A

پیش‌ساخته

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77
Q

shattering

A

قالب‌بندی، قالب بتن

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78
Q

mold, form

A

قالب (قالب بتن)

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79
Q

symmetry

A

تقارن

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80
Q

bearing capacity, load-carrying capacity

A

ظرفیت باربری

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81
Q

construct, manufacture, fabricate

A

ساختن

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82
Q

slender, slim

A

باریک و لاغر

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83
Q

stocky

A

ضخیم و کوتاه

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84
Q

anchorage

A

مهار، مهاربندی

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85
Q

splice

A

وصله (میلگرد)، وصله کردن

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86
Q

principle of superposition

A

اصل جمع آثار

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87
Q

reaction

A

عکس‌العمل

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88
Q

plate girder

A

تیرورق (تیر ساخته‌شده از ورق)

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89
Q

withstand, resist, endure, tolerate, bear

A

مقاومت کردن، تحمل کردن

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90
Q

member, element, component

A

قطعه، عضو

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91
Q

axial

A

محوری

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92
Q

lateral

A

جانبی

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93
Q

restrained

A

مقید، مهار شده

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94
Q

suspended

A

معلق

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95
Q

story, storey

A

طبقه

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96
Q

tower

A

برج، دکل

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97
Q

surcharge

A

سربار

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98
Q

allowable stress, permissible stress

A

تنش مجاز

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99
Q

solid

A

توپر، محکم، یکپارچه

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100
Q

cantilever, overhang

A

طره (یک‌سر آزاد)

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101
Q

configuration

A

پیکربندی

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102
Q

timber

A

الوار، تیرچوبی

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103
Q

masonry

A

خشتی، بنایی (غیرمدرن)

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104
Q

brick

A

آجر

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105
Q

mortar

A

ملات

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106
Q

grout

A

دوغاب سیمان، تزریق‌کردن دوغاب

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107
Q

torque

A

لنگر پیچشی، گشتاور

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108
Q

deck

A

عرشه، کف

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109
Q

limit state

A

حالت حدی

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110
Q

stiffen, harden, strengthen

A

تقویت کردن، سخت کردن

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111
Q

overdesign

A

دست بالا طراحی شده (قوی)

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112
Q

underdesign

A

دست پایین طراحی شده (ضعیف)

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113
Q

sag

A

شکم دادن (خیز)

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114
Q

camber

A

خیز معکوس

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115
Q

one-way slab

A

دال یک‌طرفه

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116
Q

two-way slab

A

دال دوطرفه

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117
Q

waffle slab

A

دال مشبک، دال توخالی (نوعی دال که برای سبکی و زیبایی به صورت توخالی و مشبک اجرا می‌گردد.)

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118
Q

off-center load

A

بار برون‌محور، بار خارج از مرکز

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119
Q

deformed bar, ribbed bar

A

میلگرد آجدار

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120
Q

plain bar

A

میلگرد ساده (بدون آج)

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121
Q

starter bar, dowel bar

A

میلگرد انتظار، میلگرد ریشه

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122
Q

development length

A

طول مهاری، طول گیرایی (طولی است که برای استفاده از حداکثر ظرفیت میلگرد به آن احتیاج داریم.)

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123
Q

bar mat

A

سفره میلگرد

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124
Q

bundled bars

A

دسته میلگرد، کروه میلگرد

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125
Q

web

A

جان (جان تیر)

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126
Q

flange

A

بال (بال تیر)

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127
Q

stairway

A

راه‌پله

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128
Q

bond stress

A

تنش چسبندگی، تنش پیوستگی (بتن مسلح)

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129
Q

floor system

A

سیستم کف (سیستم سازه‌ای کف)

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130
Q

enveloping curve

A

منحنی پوش

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131
Q

deterioration

A

آسیب‌دیدگی، تخریب، زوال

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132
Q

collapse

A

فروریختن، خرابی

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133
Q

safety factor

A

ضریب اطمینان

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134
Q

twist

A

پیچش، تاب، تابیدن

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135
Q

supporting

A

باربر

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136
Q

deformation

A

تغییر شکل

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137
Q

batching

A

پیمانه کردن (مربوط به عوامل سازنده بتن)

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138
Q

batching plant

A

کارخانه بتن، مرکز تهیه بتن

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139
Q

plasticizer

A

روان‌کننده (ماده‌ای که به بتن اضافه می‌گردد تا کارایی بتن را افزایش دهد.)

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140
Q

retarder

A

کندگیرکننده (مربوط به بتن)

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141
Q

admixture

A

افزودنی (ماده‌ای که به بتن اضافه می‌گردد.)

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142
Q

weld

A

جوش

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143
Q

cross section

A

مقطع عرضی

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144
Q

transverse

A

عرضی

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145
Q

hook

A

قلاب

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146
Q

spandrel beam

A

تیر محیطی، تیر کناری

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147
Q

friction

A

اصطکاک

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148
Q

hanger

A

آویز، قلاب

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149
Q

embedment

A

جای دادن، مدفون‌شدگی

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150
Q

versatility

A

انعطاف‌پذیری

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151
Q

fastener

A

بست، اتصال‌دهنده

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152
Q

gusset

A

قطعه اتصال، اتصال

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153
Q

erection

A

برپا سازی، نصب

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154
Q

chord

A

یال خرپا، وتر

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155
Q

crazing

A

ترک پوست‌ماری (بتن)، چروکیدگی ریز و گسترده در سطح بتن

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156
Q

roof, ceiling

A

سقف، بام

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157
Q

spatial

A

فضایی، سه‌بعدی

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158
Q

coplanar

A

هم‌صفحه

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159
Q

scaffold

A

داربست

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160
Q

normal

A

عمودی، عمود، عادی

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161
Q

slip, slide

A

لغزش، لغزیدن

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162
Q

buttress

A

پشت‌بند، دیوار پشت‌بند، جلوبندی پایه نگه‌دارنده مثلثی‌شکل

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163
Q

earthquake

A

زلزله، زمین‌لرزه

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164
Q

earthquake focus, hypocenter

A

کانون زلزله (کانون عمقی زلزله)

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165
Q

earthquake epicenter

A

مرکز زلزله (کانون سطحی زلزله)

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166
Q

earthquake intensity

A

شدت زلزله

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167
Q

earthquake magnitude

A

بزرگی زلزله

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168
Q

seismic

A

لرزه‌ای، زلزله‌ای

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169
Q

seismicity

A

لرزه‌خیزی، زلزله‌خیزی

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170
Q

seismology

A

لرزه‌شناسی

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171
Q

seismograph

A

لرزه‌نگار

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172
Q

seismometer

A

لرزه‌سنج (دستگاهی برای ثبت امواج زمین)

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173
Q

seismogram

A

لرزه‌نگاشت

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174
Q

vibration

A

ارتعاش، لرزش

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175
Q

oscillation, fluctuation

A

نوسان

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176
Q

resonance, amplification

A

تشدید، رزونانس

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177
Q

damping, attenuation

A

میرایی، استهلاک

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178
Q

spectrum

A

طیف

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179
Q

fault

A

گسل

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180
Q

landslide

A

لغزش زمین

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181
Q

ground motion

A

حرکت زمین (معمولاً در اثر زلزله)

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182
Q

sidesway

A

جابه‌جایی جانبی

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183
Q

sway

A

حرکت جانبی، جابجایی جانبی سازه

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184
Q

sway frame

A

قاب مهاربندی‌نشده (دارای حرکت جانبی)

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185
Q

nonsway frame

A

قاب مهاربندی‌شده (بدون حرکت جانبی)

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186
Q

bracing

A

مهاربندی، بادبندی

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187
Q

braced frame

A

قاب مهاربندی‌شده

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188
Q

eccentric

A

برون‌محور، خارج از مرکز

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189
Q

concentric

A

هم‌محور، هم‌مرکز

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190
Q

seismic survey

A

لرزه‌نگارز

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191
Q

seismic loading

A

بارگذاری لرزه‌ای

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192
Q

seismic performance

A

عملکرد لرزه‌ای

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193
Q

earthquake simulation

A

شبیه‌سازی زلزله

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194
Q

destruction, demolition, devastation

A

خرابی، انهدام

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195
Q

pounding

A

کوبش

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196
Q

base isolation

A

عایق ارتعاشی، جداساز پایه

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197
Q

interaction

A

برهم‌کنش

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198
Q

response

A

پاسخ، واکنش

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199
Q

wave

A

موج

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200
Q

shake

A

لرزاندن، تکان دادن

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201
Q

tremor

A

زمین‌لرزه خفیف

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202
Q

liquefaction

A

روانگرایی

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203
Q

subduction

A

فرورانش

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204
Q

tectonic

A

زمین‌ساخت، ساختمان طبقات زمین

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205
Q

tsunami

A

سونامی، موج ناشی از زمین‌لرزه

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206
Q

acceleration

A

شتاب

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207
Q

retrofit

A

بهسازی، تقویت، ترمیم

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208
Q

rehabilitation

A

بازسازی، نوسازی

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209
Q

vulnerability, susceptibility

A

آسیب‌پذیری

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210
Q

operational

A

قابل استفاده، عملیاتی

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211
Q

amplitude

A

دامنه، دامنه نوسان

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212
Q

vicinity, proximity

A

نزدیکی، مجاورت

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213
Q

response spectrum

A

طیف پاسخ

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214
Q

linear static analysis

A

تحلیل استاتیکی خطی

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215
Q

linear dynamic analysis

A

تحلیل دینامیکی خطی

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216
Q

nonlinear static analysis

A

تحلیل استاتیکی غیرخطی

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217
Q

nonlinear dynamic analysis

A

تحلیل دینامیکی غیرخطی

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218
Q

response history analysis (RHA)

A

تحلیل تاریخچه زمانی

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219
Q

incremental dynamic analysis (IDA)

A

تحلیل دینامیکی افزایشی

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220
Q

response spectrum analysis (RSA)

A

تحلیل طیف پاسخی

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221
Q

earthquake and induced phenomena

A

زلزله و پدیده‌های ناشی از آن

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222
Q

elements of seismology

A

مؤلفه‌های لرزه‌شناسی

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223
Q

fundamentals of structural dynamics

A

مبانی دینامیک سازه‌ها

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224
Q

accelerograph

A

شتاب‌نگار

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225
Q

single degree of freedom (SDOF)

A

(سیستم) یک درجه آزادی

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226
Q

multi degree of freedom (MDOF)

A

(سیستم) چند درجه آزادی

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227
Q

seismic hazard

A

خطر لرزه‌ای

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228
Q

seismic retrofitting

A

بهسازی لرزه‌ای

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229
Q

mainshock

A

تکان اصلی زلزله

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230
Q

aftershock

A

پس‌لرزه

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231
Q

foreshock

A

پیش‌لرزه

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232
Q

resiliency

A

فنریت، برجهندگی

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233
Q

toughness

A

سفتی، چقری

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234
Q

inertia

A

ماند، اینرسی، لختی

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235
Q

stochastic

A

اتفاقی، تصادفی

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236
Q

reliability

A

قابلیت اعتماد

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237
Q

centroid

A

مرکز ثقل، مرکز هندسی، گرانیگاه

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238
Q

distort

A

از شکل طبیعی انداختن، ایجاد اعوجاج کردن

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239
Q

base shear

A

برش پایه

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240
Q

flutter

A

لرزیدن، لرزش

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241
Q

shelter, refuge

A

پناهگاه

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242
Q

tower

A

برج

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243
Q

chimney

A

دودکش

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244
Q

volcanic eruption

A

فوران آتشفشانی

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245
Q

code provisions

A

ضوابط آیین‌نامه

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246
Q

refraction

A

شکست، انکسار

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247
Q

iteration

A

تکرار

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248
Q

spherical

A

کروی، به شکل کره

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249
Q

analogous

A

قابل مقایسه، مشابه

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250
Q

debris

A

آوار، واریزه

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251
Q

occupancy, importance factor

A

ضریب اهمیت (ضریب افزایش نیروی زلزله با توجه به نوع کاربری ساختمان)

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252
Q

statutory ,legal, legislative, lawful

A

قانونی

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253
Q

disaster, calamity, catastrophe

A

فاجعه، مصیبت

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254
Q

intact

A

دست‌نخورده، آسیب‌ندیده

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255
Q

survive

A

زنده ماندن، نجات یافتن

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256
Q

skyscraper

A

آسمان‌خراش، ساختمان بلند

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257
Q

high-rise building

A

ساختمان بلند

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258
Q

Low-rise building

A

ساختمان کوتاه

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259
Q

sketch, draft, outline

A

طرح خلاصه (حاوی کلیات)

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260
Q

energy dissipation

A

اتلاف انرژی، جذب انرژی (مستهلک کردن انرژی ناشی از زلزله)

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261
Q

hazard ,danger, risk, peril

A

خطر

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262
Q

meizoseismal zone

A

منطقه کلان‌لرزه‌ای

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5
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263
Q

diagonal

A

قطری، عضو قطری

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264
Q

parallel

A

موازی

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265
Q

orthogonal

A

متعامد

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266
Q

horizontal

A

افقی

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267
Q

vertical, perpendicular

A

عمودی

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268
Q

lateral force resisting system

A

سیستم باربر جانبی

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269
Q

time-history analysis

A

تحلیل تاریخچه زمانی

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270
Q

edge, border, boundary, margin

A

لبه، کناره، مرز

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271
Q

adjacent, neighboring, contiguous, adjoining

A

مجاور، هم‌جوار

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272
Q

P-wave

A

موج اولیه

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273
Q

S-wave

A

موج ثانویه

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274
Q

lifeline

A

شریان حیاتی (خطوط آب، برق، گاز و..)

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275
Q

safety

A

ایمنی

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276
Q

inclined

A

مایل، شیبدار

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277
Q

evaluation, estimation, assessment

A

ارزیابی، تخمین

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278
Q

avalanche

A

بهمن

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279
Q

sand

A

ماسه

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280
Q

gravel

A

شن

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281
Q

aggregate

A

سنگدانه، مصالح سنگی (شن و ماسه)

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282
Q

grain, particle

283
Q

grain-size distribution

A

دانه‌بندی (توزیع دانه‌ها بر اساس اندازه آن‌ها)

284
Q

fine-grained soil

A

خاک ریزدانه

285
Q

coarse-grained soil

A

خاک درشت‌دانه

286
Q

granular, cohesionless

A

دانه‌ای، غیرچسبنده

287
Q

cohesive soil

A

خاک چسبنده

288
Q

sieve, screen

A

الک، الک کردن

289
Q

settlement, subsidence

290
Q

consolidation

A

تحکیم

291
Q

overconsolidation, preconsolidation

A

پیش‌تحکیمی

292
Q

soil consistency

A

پایداری خاک

293
Q

boring

A

گمانه زنی (برای بررسی لایه‌های خاک)

294
Q

porosity

A

تخلخل (پوکی)

295
Q

void ratio

A

نسبت تخلخل

296
Q

water content

A

میزان رطوبت (درصد رطوبت)

297
Q

saturated

A

اشباع

298
Q

excavation

A

خاک‌برداری

299
Q

filling

A

خاک‌ریزی

300
Q

cut and fill

A

خاک‌برداری و خاک‌ریزی

301
Q

stabilization

A

پایدارسازی، تثبیت

302
Q

compaction

A

تراکم

303
Q

swelling, inflation

304
Q

dilatancy

A

انبساط‌پذیری، تورم‌پذیری خاک (در اثر برش)

305
Q

retaining wall

A

دیوار حائل

306
Q

sliding

307
Q

overturning

A

واژگونی

308
Q

hollow

A

توخالی

309
Q

empirical, experimental

A

تجربی

310
Q

disturbed soil, remoulded soil

A

خاک دست‌خورده

311
Q

stratum,layer

A

لایه، قشر

312
Q

borrow pit

A

معدن قرضه، محل قرضه

313
Q

humidity, wetness, dampness, moisture

A

رطوبت

314
Q

seepage

A

تراوش

315
Q

permeability

A

نفوذپذیری

316
Q

pile

317
Q

friction pile

A

شمع اصطکاکی

318
Q

end-bearing pile

A

شمع اتکایی

319
Q

clay

A

خاک رس

320
Q

field test

A

آزمایش صحرایی، آزمایش در محل

321
Q

soil investigation, soil survey

A

بررسی خاک، شناسایی خاک

322
Q

foundation, footing

A

پی، فونداسیون، شالوده

323
Q

borehole, trial hole

A

گمانه (برای بررسی لایه‌های خاک)

324
Q

bearing capacity

A

ظرفیت باربری

325
Q

landfil

A

محل دفن نخاله، نخاله، دفن نخاله

326
Q

in situ

A

درجا، در محل

327
Q

embankment, mill, backfill,levee

A

خاکریز

328
Q

pore

A

منفذ، حفره

329
Q

classification and identification properties of soil

A

طبقه‌بندی و شناسایی خصوصیات خاک

330
Q

Atterberg limits

A

حدود اتربرگ

331
Q

soil compaction

A

تراکم خاک

332
Q

consolidation

A

تحکیم

333
Q

shear strength of soil

A

مقاومت برشی خاک

334
Q

adsorbed water

A

آب جذب سطحی

335
Q

well-graded soil

A

خاک خوب دانه‌بندی‌شده

336
Q

poorly graded soil

A

خاک بد دانه‌بندی‌شده

337
Q

phase relationships

A

روابط فازی

338
Q

degree of saturation

A

درجه اشباع

339
Q

unit weight

A

وزن مخصوص

340
Q

shrinkage limit

A

حد انقباض

341
Q

plastic limit

A

حد خمیری

342
Q

liquid limit

A

حد روانی

343
Q

plasticity index (PI)

A

شاخص خمیری

344
Q

liquidity index

A

شاخص روانی

345
Q

optimum water content (wopt )

A

میزان رطوبت بهینه

346
Q

proctor test

A

آزمایش پروکتور

347
Q

primary consolidation

A

تحکیم اولیه

348
Q

secondary consolidation

A

تحکیم ثانویه

349
Q

normally consolidated soil

A

خاک عادی‌تحکیم‌یافته

350
Q

overconsolidated soil, preconsolidated soil

A

خاک پیش‌تحکیم‌یافته

351
Q

effective stress

A

تنش مؤثر

352
Q

total stress

A

تنش کل

353
Q

pore water pressure

A

فشار آب منفذی

354
Q

coulomb’s law of soil shear strength

A

قانون کلمب در مقاومت برشی خاک‌ها

355
Q

trial pits or test pits

A

گودال‌های شناسایی یا گودال‌های نمونه

356
Q

hand or power augers

A

مته‌های دستی یا برقی

357
Q

wash boring

A

حفاری آبی (حفاری همراه با فشار آب)

358
Q

rotary rigs

A

دکل‌های حفاری دوار

359
Q

in situ or field Tests

A

آزمایش‌های درمحل

360
Q

vane shear test (VST)

A

آزمایش برش پره

361
Q

standard penetration test (SPT)

A

آزمایش نفوذ استاندارد

362
Q

cone penetrometer test (CPT)

A

آزمایش نفوذ مخروط

363
Q

pressuremeter test (PMT)

A

آزمایش فشارسنجی

364
Q

flat plate dilatometer (DMT)

A

انبساط‌سنج یا صفحه مسطح

365
Q

active earth pressure coefficient

A

ضریب فشار محرک خاک

366
Q

passive earth pressure coefficient

A

ضریب فشار مقاوم خاک

367
Q

shallow foundation

A

پی سطحی

368
Q

reconnaissance

A

شناسایی، اکتشاف

369
Q

impervious, impermeable

A

نفوذ ناپذیر

370
Q

raft foundation, mat foundation

A

پی گسترده

371
Q

pad footing

A

پی منفرد

372
Q

strip footing

A

شالوده نواری، پی نواری

373
Q

embedment depth

A

عمق استقرار پی

374
Q

medium

375
Q

rolled earthfill

A

خاکریز متراکم

376
Q

cohesion, adhesion, stickness, bond

A

چسبندگی، پیوستگی

377
Q

segregation

A

جداشدگی

378
Q

bulk

A

توده، حجم

379
Q

depression

A

فرورفتگی

380
Q

slip surface, slip plane

A

سطح لغزش (سطحی که لغزش شیب خاکی در امتداد آن رخ می‌دهد.)

381
Q

drill

A

گمانه زدن، حفاری کردن

382
Q

soil liquefaction

A

روانگرایی خاک (به حالت مایع درآمدن خاک)

383
Q

soil morphology

A

شکل ظاهری خاک

384
Q

soil stabilization, soil solidification

A

تثبیت خاک، پایدارسازی خاک

385
Q

underlying soil

A

خاک زیرین

386
Q

earthworks

A

عملیات خاکی (خاک‌برداری و خاک‌ریزی)

387
Q

datum elevation

A

ارتفاع مبنا

388
Q

penetrate, permeate, infiltrate

A

نفوذ کردن

389
Q

soil profile

A

نیمرخ خاک (نموداری که حاوی اطلاعات خاک در اعماق مختلف می‌باشد.)

390
Q

soil texture

A

بافت خاک

391
Q

specimen

A

نمونه، نمونه آزمایش

392
Q

cast-in-place pile

A

شمع درجا

393
Q

driven pile

A

شمع کوبیده

394
Q

bedrock

A

سنگ بستر

395
Q

gross weight

A

وزن کل، وزن ناخالص

396
Q

sustaining slope

A

شیب پایدار

397
Q

membrane

A

پوسته، غشاء، دیافراگم

398
Q

cobble

A

قلوه‌سنگ

399
Q

gabion

A

سبد پر از سنگ

400
Q

trench

A

گود، تراشه، گودال

401
Q

gypsum

A

گچ، سنگ گچ

402
Q

lime

403
Q

fabric

A

استخوان‌بندی، اسکلت

404
Q

stem

A

تیغه (مربوط به دیوار حائل)

405
Q

heel

A

پاشنه (نربوط به دیوار حائل)

406
Q

toe

A

پنجه (نربوط به دیوار حائل)

407
Q

slope failure

A

گسیختگی شیروانی، لغزش شیروانی

408
Q

weathering

A

هوازدگی

409
Q

water table

A

سطح آب، سفره آب

410
Q

soil nailing

A

میخ‌کوبی خاک

411
Q

void

A

تهی، خالی

412
Q

loose soil

A

خاک سست

413
Q

berm

A

سکو، شانه خاکی

414
Q

leach

A

جدا کردن مواد از خام به وسیله آب

415
Q

drainage

A

زهکشی

416
Q

discharge

A

دبی (شدت جریان)، تخلیه

417
Q

sediment

418
Q

deposit

A

ته‌نشین کردن، رسوب

419
Q

leakage

420
Q

watershed

A

حوزه آبخیز

421
Q

aquifer, water bearing

A

آبخیز، لایه آبدار، سفره آب

422
Q

submerged, drowned, plunged

A

مستغرق

423
Q

Immerse, inundate

A

زیر آب بردن، سیل‌زده کردن

424
Q

dredge

A

لایروبی کردن

425
Q

irrigation

A

آبیاری

426
Q

tidal

A

جزر و مدی

427
Q

phreatic, groundwater

A

آب زیرزمینی

428
Q

float, buoyant

A

شناور

429
Q

flood, torrent, deluge

430
Q

density

A

چگالی، جرم مخصوص

431
Q

viscosity

432
Q

steady flow

A

جریان پایدار، جریان دائمی (مشخصات جریان تابع زمان نیست.)

433
Q

uniform flow

A

جریان یکنواخت (دارای سرعت ثابت)

434
Q

water table

A

سفره آب، سطح آب، تراز ایستایی

435
Q

water conveyance

A

انتقال آب

436
Q

turbulence

A

آشفتگی، اغتشاش، تلاطم

437
Q

aqueduct, culvert, conduit, gutter

A

مجرای آب، آبگذر

438
Q

flume

A

نهال یا نهر پایه‌دار

439
Q

capillarity

A

مویینگی

440
Q

evaporation, volatilization

A

تبخیر

441
Q

sewage, wastewater

A

فاضلاب، پساب

442
Q

sewer

A

فاضلابرو، مجرای فاضلاب

443
Q

septic tank

A

مخزن فاضلاب

444
Q

surge tank

A

مخزن تعادل، مخزن فشار شکن

445
Q

penetrate, permeate, infiltrate

A

نفوذ کردن

446
Q

impervious, watertight, impermeable

A

نفوذ ناپذیر

447
Q

storage dam, impounding dam

A

سد مخزنی

448
Q

rockfill dam

A

سد سنگریزه‌ای

449
Q

arch dam

A

سد قوسی

450
Q

earthfill dam, embankment dam, earth dam

A

سد خاکی

451
Q

gravity dam

A

سد وزنی

452
Q

cofferdam

A

بند موقت (معمولاً برای خشک کردن محل ساخت سازه اصلی از آن استفاده می‌گردد.)

453
Q

storage reservoir

A

مخزن ذخیره

454
Q

detention reservoir

A

مخزن تأخیری، مخزن کند کننده

455
Q

dike, dyke, levee

A

خاکریز، سیل‌بند

456
Q

jetty, quay, wharf, pier

A

اسکله

457
Q

harbor (harbour), port

A

بندرگاه

458
Q

berth

A

لنگرگاه، پهلو گرفتن کشتی در لنگرگاه

459
Q

mooring, anchorage

A

لنگرگاه

460
Q

breakwater

A

موج‌شکن

461
Q

coastal, littoral

A

ساحلی

462
Q

shore, coast, beach

463
Q

offshore

A

دور از ساحل (دریایی، مربوط به سازه‌هایی است که داخل دریا ساخته می‌شوند.)

464
Q

estuary

A

مصب رود (جایی که رود به دریا متصل می‌گردد.)

465
Q

bay

466
Q

fluids and their properties

A

سیالات و ویژگی آن‌ها

467
Q

classification of types of flow

A

طبقه‌بندی انواع جریان

468
Q

hydraulics

A

هیدرولیک

469
Q

hydraulic structures

A

سازه‌های هیدرولیکی

470
Q

fluid

471
Q

specific weight

A

وزن مخصوص

472
Q

specific volume

A

حجم مخصوص

473
Q

newtonian fluid

A

سیال نیوتونی

474
Q

manometer

A

فشارسنج

475
Q

barometer

A

بارومتر

476
Q

cavitation

A

خلاءزدایی

477
Q

buoyancy force

A

نیروی شناوری

478
Q

laminar flow

A

جریان آرام

479
Q

turbulent flow

A

جریان آشفته

480
Q

unsteady flow

A

جریان غیردائمی

481
Q

non-uniform flow

A

جریان غیریکنواخت

482
Q

reynolds number

A

عدد رینولدز

483
Q

hydraulic Jump

A

پرش هیدرولیکی

484
Q

dam

485
Q

coastal engineering

A

مهندسی ساحل

486
Q

offshore construction

A

ساخت و ساز دریایی

487
Q

aquatic

A

وابسته به آب، آبزی

488
Q

potable water

A

آب آشامیدنی

489
Q

drought

A

خشکسالی

490
Q

precipitation

A

نزولات جوی

491
Q

appurtenances

A

ملحقات (پروژه)، اجزای وابسته

492
Q

fresh water, soft water

A

آب شیرین

493
Q

diversion dam

A

سد انحرافی (سدهایی نسبتاً کوتاه که برای برداشت آب از رودخانه استفاده می‌شوند.)

494
Q

stilling basin

A

حوضچه آرامش

495
Q

desilting basin, settling basin

A

حوضچه رسوب‌گیر (سازه‌ای است که در آن با کاهش سرعت جریان، رسوبات ته‌نشین می‌شوند.)

496
Q

spillway, weir

A

سرریز

497
Q

crest, crown

A

تاج سد، تاج سرریز

498
Q

water losses, wastage of water

A

تلفات آب

499
Q

bank

A

ساحل رودخانه، سکو، کناره

500
Q

river training

A

ساماندهی رودخانه

501
Q

navigation river

A

رودخانه قابل کشتی‌رانی

502
Q

fluvial

A

رودخانه‌ای

503
Q

runoff

A

رواناب، جریان سطحی

504
Q

impoundment

A

آبگیری

505
Q

intake

A

آبگیر

506
Q

cistern

A

آب‌انبار، مخزن

507
Q

marine

A

دریایی

508
Q

ephemeral stream

A

جریان فصلی (جریان موقتی)

509
Q

tributary

A

شاخه رودخانه، شاخه فرعی

510
Q

recreational

A

تفریحی

511
Q

vessel

A

کشتی، مخزن

512
Q

ambient

513
Q

cavitation

A

خلاءزایی، کاویتاسیون

514
Q

diffusion

A

انتشار، پخش

515
Q

thalweg

A

خط‌القعر

516
Q

slope, gradient, inclination

517
Q

datum elevation

A

ارتفاع مبنا

518
Q

lining

519
Q

water consumption per capita

A

مصرف آب سرانه

520
Q

water purification, water treatment

A

تصفیه آب

521
Q

abutment

A

تکیه‌گاه (دو طرف دره که سد بر آن استوار است.)

522
Q

trash rack

A

شبکه آشغالگیر

523
Q

erosion

A

فرسایش

524
Q

well

525
Q

eddy

A

گرداب، جریان متلاطم

526
Q

pollution, contamination

A

آلودگی

527
Q

depression head

A

ارتفاع افت

528
Q

transpiration

A

تعریق، تعرق

529
Q

condensation

A

میعان، تراکم

530
Q

distillation

A

تقطیر

531
Q

pluvial

A

بارانی

532
Q

flood plain

A

پهنه سیلابی

533
Q

pond

A

تالاب، برکه، مخزن

534
Q

fall, drop, chute

A

شیب‌شکن، آبشار، تندآب (از این سازه‌ها معمولاً برای انتقال آب بین ترازهای مختلف استفاده می‌گردد.)

535
Q

glacier

A

یخچال طبیعی (توده‌های بزرگ یخ)

536
Q

bitumen

537
Q

asphalt

A

قیر، آسفالت

538
Q

binder

A

ماده چسبنده

539
Q

lining

540
Q

pavement

A

روسازی

541
Q

bedding

A

زیرسازی

542
Q

subgrade

A

بستر، بستر روسازی

543
Q

subbase

A

زیراساس (لایه زیراساس روسازی)

544
Q

alignment

A

مسیر راه

545
Q

traffic disturbance, traffic disruption, traffic interruption

A

اختلال تردد

546
Q

congestion

A

تراکم، ازدحام

547
Q

grade-separated junction, grade-separated intersection, interchange

A

تقاطع غیرهم‌سطح

548
Q

at-grade junction, at-grade intersection,
crossing at grade

A

تقاطع هم‌سطح

549
Q

right-of-way

A

حق تقدم، حریم (حریم راه)

550
Q

freeway, motorway, expressway

A

آزادراه، بزرگراه

551
Q

highway

A

جاده، راه اصلی

552
Q

arterial road

A

جاده شریانی، جاده اصلی

553
Q

turnpike, toll road

A

جاده عوارضی

554
Q

dual carriageway

A

راه دوخطه

555
Q

interrupted flow

A

جریان منقطع

556
Q

rural road

A

راه روستایی

557
Q

through traffic

A

ترافیک عبوری، ترافیک ترانزیتی

558
Q

runway

A

باند فرودگاه

559
Q

voyage, sail

A

سفر دریایی

560
Q

overpass, crossover

A

روگذر

561
Q

curb

A

جدول، کنترل کردن

562
Q

black-top road

A

جاده آسفالت

563
Q

detour

A

مسیر انحرافی

564
Q

superelevation, cant, cross slope

A

شیب عرضی، دور

565
Q

sight distance

A

فاصله دید، مسافت دید

566
Q

two-way road

A

راه دوطرفه

567
Q

crossroad

A

محل تقاطع دو جاده

568
Q

lane, path, track route, way

A

مسیر، خط

569
Q

overtaking

570
Q

skid mark

A

خط ترمز

571
Q

skid resistance

A

مقاومت لغزشی

572
Q

traffic signal

A

چراغ راهنما، چراغ راهنمایی

573
Q

rutting

A

شیار شیار شدن (مربوط به رویه آسفالت)

574
Q

sealing

A

آببندی، درزگیری

575
Q

seal coat

A

اندود آببندی (گرفتن درزهای سطحی رویه راه به وسیله اندود قیر)

576
Q

prime coat

A

اندود نفوذی

577
Q

tack coat

A

چسب‌اندود، اندود اتصال (لایه قیری که برای چسباندن دو لایه رویه راه به کار می‌رود.)

578
Q

haulage

A

نقل و انتقال

579
Q

traffic-projection

A

پیش‌بینی ترافیک

580
Q

transition

A

تبدیل، اتصال تدریجی

581
Q

parapet

A

جان‌پناه

582
Q

patching

A

لکه‌گیری، ترمیم

583
Q

resurfacing

A

بازسازی رویه

584
Q

residential

A

مسکونی

585
Q

suburb

A

حومه شهر

586
Q

toll

A

عوارض

587
Q

commuter

A

رفت و آمد کننده دائمی

588
Q

roughness

589
Q

priority

A

حق تقدم

590
Q

freight, cargo

A

بار، کال

591
Q

coach terminal

A

پایانه مسافری

592
Q

pedestrian

A

عابر پیاده

593
Q

steep

A

سراشیبی تند

594
Q

surveyor

A

نقشه‌بردار

595
Q

aerial survey

A

نقشه‌برداری هوایی

596
Q

transportation ministry

A

وزارت راه و ترابری

597
Q

urban area, metropolitan area, cosmopolitan area

A

منطقه شهری

598
Q

auxiliary lane

A

خط کمکی

599
Q

sidewalk

A

پیاده‌رو

600
Q

ascent

A

سربالایی

601
Q

intercity bus

A

اتوبوس بین شهری

602
Q

intracity bus

A

اتوبوس درون‌شهری

603
Q

maintenance, preservation

A

نگهداری

604
Q

terrain, territory

A

ناحیه، سرزمین

605
Q

vehicle

A

وسیله نقلیه

606
Q

road facilities

A

تأسیسات راه

607
Q

country road

A

راه برون‌شهری

608
Q

lag time

A

زمان تأخیر

609
Q

lead time

A

زمان تقدم

610
Q

reconnaissance crew

A

گروه شناسایی

611
Q

shoulder of road

A

شانه راه

612
Q

municipality

A

شهرداری

613
Q

fare

A

کرایه

614
Q

helicoidal, spiral

A

مارپیچ، حلزونی

615
Q

even

A

هموار

616
Q

bumpy road

A

راه ناهموار

617
Q

traffic jam, traffic tie-up

A

راهبندان

618
Q

trunk road

A

راه پرتردد

619
Q

inclined plane

A

سطح شیب‌دار

620
Q

smooth plane

A

سطح صاف

621
Q

brake

622
Q

cattle crossing

A

گذرگاه حیوانات

623
Q

truck, lorry

A

کامیون

624
Q

crane

A

جرثقیل

625
Q

crown

A

تاج، رأس

626
Q

ditch, gutter, drainage channel

A

آبروی کنار راه، کانال زهکشی

627
Q

fatal accident

A

تصادف مهلک

628
Q

blend

A

مخلوط کردن

629
Q

wear

630
Q

slope, gradient

631
Q

carriage way

A

سواره‌رو

632
Q

crash cushion

A

ضربه‌گیر، کیسه ایمنی

633
Q

embark

A

سوار کشتی شدن

634
Q

tramway, streetcar

A

قطار شهری

635
Q

lot

A

قطعه زمین، محوطه

636
Q

pavement analysis

A

تحلیل روسازی

637
Q

flexible pavement

A

روسازی نرم (انعطاف‌پذیر)

638
Q

rigid pavement

A

روسازی صلب

639
Q

composite pavement

A

روسازی مرکب

640
Q

surface course

A

لایه رویه

641
Q

base course

A

لایه اساس

642
Q

transportation engineering

A

مهندسی حمل و نقل

643
Q

cross-section elements of highways

A

المان‌های موجود در مقطع عرضی جاده‌ها

644
Q

medians and median barriers

A

سکوهای میانی و موانع آن‌ها

645
Q

guardrails

A

گاردریل‌ها

646
Q

traffic congestion

A

تراکم تردد

647
Q

client, employer

A

کارفرما

648
Q

consultant

A

مشاور

649
Q

contractor

A

پیمانکار

650
Q

subcontractor

A

پیمانکار فرعی، پیمان‌کار دست دوم

651
Q

tender

A

مناقصه

652
Q

bid

A

پیشنهاد (مزایده یا مناقصه)

653
Q

bidding documents

A

اسناد مناقصه

654
Q

contract

A

پیمان، قرارداد

655
Q

contract documents

A

اسناد پیمان

656
Q

lump sum contract

A

قرارداد مقطوع، قرارداد به قیمت کلی

657
Q

unit-price contract

A

قرارداد بر اساس فهرست‌بها

658
Q

turnkey contract

A

پیمان جامع (پیمانی برای انجام کامل یک طرح شامل مراحل طراحی و ساخت)

659
Q

cost, expenditure

A

هزینه

660
Q

budget

A

بودجه

661
Q

scheduling

A

برنامه‌ریزی (دارای زمان‌بندی)

662
Q

construction

A

سازه، ساخت و ساز

663
Q

construction management

A

مدیریت ساخت

664
Q

procurement

A

تهیه و تجهیز

665
Q

scope

A

گستره، حوزه

666
Q

quantity survey

A

براورد مقادیر، متره

667
Q

sequence

A

توالی

668
Q

life cycle

A

دوره عمر

669
Q

requirements

A

الزامات، شرایط لازم

670
Q

execution, implementation

A

اجرا، انجام

671
Q

fund

A

سرمایه، تأمین سرمایه

672
Q

monitoring

A

نظارت

673
Q

СРМ (Critical Path Method)

A

عملیات بهینه (روشی در مدیریت برای انتخاب مسیر بهینه عملیات)

674
Q

as-built drawing

A

نقشه اجراشده، نقشه وضعیت فعلی ساختمان

675
Q

outline, layout

A

طرح، نمای کلی، طرح اولیه

676
Q

recession

A

رکود (رکود اقتصادی)

677
Q

feasibility study

A

مطالعه توجیهی، امکان‌سنجی

678
Q

field construction

A

ساخت و ساز کارگاهی و عملیات ساختمانی در کارگاه

679
Q

negotiation

A

مذاکره

680
Q

projection, prediction, forecast

A

پیش‌بینی

681
Q

estimation

A

تخمین، براورد

682
Q

overlap

A

همپوشانی

683
Q

integration

A

یکپارچه‌سازی

684
Q

legal considerations

A

ملاحظات قانونی

685
Q

provision

A

ضابطه، تدارک (فراهم کردن)

686
Q

labour, labor

A

نیروی کار، کارگر

687
Q

insurance

688
Q

bill of quantities

A

فهرست مقادیر

689
Q

bonus

A

پرداخت اضافی، پاداش

690
Q

depreciation

A

استهلاک

691
Q

fee

A

کارمزد، اجرت، بها

692
Q

facilities

A

تسهیلات، تجهیزات

693
Q

demolition

A

تخریب

694
Q

reimbursement

A

بازپرداخت وجه، پرداخت جبرانی

695
Q

ancillary

A

فرعی، کمکی

696
Q

plant

A

کارگاه، تجهیزات کارگاه

697
Q

In-House

A

روش امانی

698
Q

Design-Bid-Build

A

روش متعارف یا سه‌عاملی (طراحی، مناقصه، ساخت)

699
Q

Construction Management

A

روش مدیریت اجرا (چهارعاملی)

700
Q

Design-Build

A

روش طراحی، ساخت (دوعاملی)

701
Q

Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT)

A

روش ساخت، بهره‌برداری، انتقال

702
Q

turn-key

A

کلید در دست

703
Q

slack time

A

زمان سکون (مدتی که یک فعالیت می‌تواند تأخیر داشته‌باشد.)

civil engineering (1 decks)

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