Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Humanities Semester #2 > Civics And Citizenship > Flashcards

Civics And Citizenship Flashcards

1
Q

Define Exclusive Power

A

Areas only the commonwealth parliament can make Laws
Also known as specific power
Eg Defence, Currency,Marriage, Taxation, Statistics, Census

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Concurrent Power

A

Areas in which both commonwealth and state parliaments can make law (marriage, tax); if commonwealth and the states make laws in an area of power that conflicts, the commonwealth law will prevail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define Residual Power

A

Areas of the law making power not mentioned in the constitution and so belong to the states only
Eg Education, Transport, Water, Electricity, Hospitals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are Australia’s Democratic Values

A
  • Respect
  • Equality
  • Freedom
  • Fairness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the Principles of the Australian Government?

A
  1. PROTECT THE RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS OF AUSTRALIANS , (YET NOT INTERFERE INTO THEIR DAY TO DAY LIFE WHEN MAKING LAWS ALSO)
  2. MAKE LAWS THAT REFLECT THE VIEWS AND VALUES OF THE PEOPLE
  3. GOVERNMENT MUST BE ACCOUNTABLE TO THE PEOPLE
  4. THE GOVERNMENT MUST HAVE SEPARATION OF POWERS (executive, legislative, judiciary (independent)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a Referendum?

A

A yes or no vote to change the wording of the laws in the constitution (done nationally)

To change
50% + 1 vote
- 4 states out of 6 must win double majority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain the Democratic Value of ‘RESPECT’

A

Treating others with consideration and valuing their views, beliefs and rights.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Explain the Democratic Value of ‘EQUALITY’

A

Rights and privileges for all, without discrimination based on gender, race, religion, age, sexual orientation or level of education. All citizens have the right to the same opportunities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Explain the Democratic Value of ‘FAIRNESS’

A

All people are treated fairly, or without injustice, and are given equal opportunity. Also know as ‘fair go’ in Australia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Explain the Democratic Value of ‘FREEDOM’

A

Rights, Privileges and responsibilities for all without interference or control from other citizens or government.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a Democracy?

A

Democracy is a system of government where the eligible citizens exercise power by voting for their rights and wants in the country.

In a direct democracy, the citizens as a whole form a governing body and vote directly on each issue. In a representative democracy the citizens elect representatives from among themselves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What kind of Democracy Is Australia?

A

Australia is a representative democracy where the citizens elect representatives from among themselves to showcase their beliefs, values and wants in the House of Representatives (Lower House)

Australia is a bicameral government system based of the British government ‘Westminster ‘ system.
It contains 2 chambers elected by the citizens on their behalf
And a sovereign or a crown which is the head of state and plays important ceremonial roles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Justice

A

People should treat each other in a manner that is fair and balanced for all.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is liberal democracy?

A

A form of government that is a representative democracy; a liberal Democrats seeks to protect the rights of the individual such as the the right to vote sis a free and democratic elections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Explain how government parties in Australia are held accountable for their actions?

A
  • he risk of not being re-elected
  • the opposition of the governing party will question their every move and make sure that they don’t go against the Australian democratic values and principles.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a constitution?

A

The purpose of the Australian Constitution is to outline the laws and rules to govern the country. (Legal document with a written list of rules saying who can do what (job))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 4 main roles of the High court?

A
  • interpret the Meaning of the words and phrases in the constitution * figure out the intent of the wording of the rules in the constitution*
  • keep the constitution relevant ( keep up to date by ( when appropriate) include new technologies to be included in the commonwealth’s law making powers. )
  • check that the commonwealth parliament doesn’t exceed its powers
    ( acts as an independent which checks that the commonwealth parliament does not make laws that exceed its constitutional law-making powers as outlined by the constitution)
  • Resolve disputes between individuals and the state and the parliament ( interpret the constitution and imp,y that various rights of the Australian people exist - even though they are not expressly stated)
18
Q

What is the 1967 Referendum?

A

In 1967 the liberal government of Harold Holt had rejected the land claim rights of the indigenous people at the wave hill walk off in the NT.

Recognising inequalities Holt called a ‘Referendum’ seeking authority to:

  • Count the Aborigines in the Australian Census that same year.
  • Allow the Federal Government to legislate laws for Indigenous Australians rather than leaving this to different State government.

90% of Australians voted for this act in the referendum and thus the wording in the sections 51 and 127 in the constitution was changed.

19
Q

Did the 1967 Referendum fix the pot holes in the Constitution to get it back to the Australian Values And Principles?

A

CONS
- it took total 5 yrs after the Referendum to put into practice the laws they made (signalling some resistance)

  • aboriginals today only make 2% of the Aus population, yet they still take up 30% of the Australian Prison Population (Showcasing the fact that the referendum still does not show a huge effect for the indigenous people and are still being judged differently. (Harsher))
  • did not improve the lives of the indigenous as they still are subjects to racism
  • did not amend the mistakes via the government.

PROs
- 90% yes vote in the referendum (showcasing the citizens want to achieve their democratic values ; EFFR

  • government relates to aboriginal issues (sorry Day , Reconciliation)
20
Q

When and how was the Aboriginals given The Right to Vote.

A
  • In March 1962 the Menzies Liberal and Country Party government finally gave the right to vote to all Aboriginal people. Aboriginal people now could vote in federal elections if they wished. Western Australia gave them the State vote in the same year.
  • they lost the ability to vote after federation*
21
Q

When was federation?

A

Australia became a nation on 1 January 1901 when six British colonies United to form the Commonwealth of Australia.

  • the founding fathers put in place the Constitution ( which was made during the 1890s ish)
22
Q

What happened to the case of Emmet Till?

A

On August 1955 an African-American 14 year old boy (Emmet Till) was murder by being brutally beaten and shot by white men because he was accused of flirting with a white young lady. His body was later, dumped in the Mississippi River.

The two men who murder him was caught and charged for their actions, and they even admitted guilty to the offence to a magazine, but since they were white and the case was presented to an all white jury in the court, the two men were set free from conviction.

This case became a symbol for civil rights movement across America as it generated the 1957 civil rights act aimed to ensure African Americans could exercise their right to vote l providing resources for ongoing monitoring of civil right abuses and the government report on race relations.

23
Q

What was the Brown Vs. The board of Education case?

Why was it so significant?

A

In 1954 the US Supreme Court ruled that segregation in US schools was unconstitutional (illegal under US law) - this ruling is the Brown Vs Board of Education

(State governments particularly the southern states continued to rebel and resist the federal intervention even though it was illegal.)

It was significant:
In 1954 Supreme Court case that overturned the ‘separate but equal’ approach to public schooling. Segregated schools, as well as public restrooms and transportation, drinking fountains, and restaurants, came about as the result of Jim Crow laws.

24
Q

What is the Bus Boycotts + Segregation + Rosa Parks

A

Rosa parks refused to give up her seat at the front for a white passenger while travelling.

The bus boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama.

25
Q

Reconciliation day

A
  • celebrate the culture, history and achievements of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Reconciliation is about unity and respect between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders and non-Indigenous Australians
  • refers back to the achievement of the 1967 Referendum and that the Australians are sorry for discrimination and they want to be racism free country.
26
Q

What is Bringing them Home Report?

A

Report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from Their Families made in 1997 April.

This report is a tribute to the strength and struggles of many thousands of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people affected by forcible removal. It acknowledges the hardships they endured and the sacrifices they made. It remembers and lament all the children who will never come home or see their culture in the perspective they should see.

27
Q

Australian Freedom Riders

A

The Aus freedom riders were led by Charles Perkins who modelled the Aus freedom riders after the 1961 American freedom riders. He took the bus all throughout the rural towns of NSW where racist attitudes were most prominent in early 1965

In Walgett they were banned from the RSL club and so protested outside before their bus was run off

In Moree they weren’t allowed in the council swimming pool and so staged protests at the town hall and local pool before being attacked by locals and forced out of town

28
Q

What is the Mabo Decision?

A

On 3 June 1992, the High Court of Australia decided that terra nullius should not have been applied to Australia. This decision – known as the Mabo decision – recognised that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have rights to the land – rights that existed before the British arrived and can still exist today.
it acknowledged their unique connection with the land. It also led to the Australian Parliament passing the Native Title Act in 1993.

  • Until 1992, land laws claimed that Australia was terra nullius or ‘land belonging to no one’. Effectively, these laws denied the fact that Indigenous peoples had prior occupation and connection to the land.
  • The Mabo decision was named after Torres Strait Islander Eddie ‘Koiki’ Mabo who led the fight to change land laws to recognise Indigenous connection and traditional ownership of land in Australia. He worked on the Mabo case for 10 years, but unfortunately passed away just months before he could learn the High Court’s decision on his legal battle.
  • The 1992 Mabo decision led to the Native Title Act (1993) which created a framework that recognises Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have rights to, and interests in, certain land because of their traditional laws and customs. It allows access to land for living, traditional purposes, hunting or fishing and/or to teach laws and customs on the land
  • Today, native title has been recognised over more than one million square kilometres of Australian land and water (approximately 15% of Australian territorial land and waters). There are currently 629 registered Indigenous Land Use Agreements – a voluntary agreement between a native title group and others about the use of land and waters – in place.
29
Q

Things that did and did not change after the Mabo Decision?

A

Things that did not change:

  • still are discriminated in their own country
  • case went on for years - so much land loss and expense
  • hard to get land back because their was strict restrictions in order to give

Things that Did Change

  • have rights to their land
  • recognised over 2 million km of land
  • no terra nullis …the aboriginals are known as the traditional land owners.
30
Q

What is the Apology?

A

On 13 February 2008, the Parliament of Australia issued a formal apology to Indigenous Australians for forced removals of Australian indigenous children from their families and the mistreatment of the Aboriginal people of the country by The Australianfederal and state government agencies. The apology was delivered by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd.

31
Q

What Does Outline mean?

A

Outline – to give the essential features of, but not in detail

32
Q

What does Describe Mean?

A

Describe – to give a detailed account of, give characteristics and features of, using appropriate examples

33
Q

What does Explain Mean?

A

Explain – to give a detailed account of, using examples, and give reasons to justify or excuse an action or event (the how and the why)

34
Q

What does Assess the Extent Mean?

A

Assess the extent – to explain both sides of an issue, support with evidence, and reach a logical conclusion

35
Q

What is Little Rock nine?

A

The Little Rock Nine were a group of nine black students who enrolled at formerly all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in September 1957. Their attendance at the school was a test of Brown v. Board of Education, a landmark 1954 Supreme Court ruling that declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

These Children were abused in all kind of ways, yet they persevere d and did their best to stay and challenged system. They did for the good which won in the end.

36
Q

What is the Tent Embassy

A

The Tent Embassy is a symbol of Aboriginal protest against successive governments and their approach to Indigenous issues.

It was first established in 1972 and is made up of signs and tents on the lawn opposite Old Parliament House in Canberra, the Australian capital.

37
Q

The US civil rights movement and its influence on Australia

A
  • The freedom Riders in America -> Influenced the Freedom Riders in Australia
  • Black Panthers America -> Influenced Black Panthers in Australia
  • Emmet Till Case -> opened up eyes internationally on how unfair black people were being treated
  • Brown V Education Board -> Inspired to not have Segregation
38
Q

Methods used by civil rights activists to achieve change for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, and the role of one individual or group in the struggle

A

Inspired By America ; Freedom Riders, Black Panthers

1967 Referendum
Wake Hill Walk Off
The Mabo Decision
Etc

39
Q

Explain How Mabo Decision or 1967 Referendum links to democratic values and Principles of Australia

A

Respect: respecting the aboriginal Culture, traditions and lifestyles
Fairness: giving them a fair go as they are humans just as any Australian and the same opportunity
Freedom: The government should not interfere in their day to day lives as a problem Eg before referendum 1967
Equality: no matter what colour, tradition or gender they are, they are humans to, they should be looked upon like a human and nothing else inferior. Give them the same Justice

Principles

  • separation of powers : not one body should give them order and consequences they should be given a fair chance by being judged a responsible members so that they are given the consequences of their action
  • protect rights and freedoms - should not interfere in day to day life and control their every movement instead give them the same standards and not be in their life all the time
  • represent their Values And rights ; the party voted should also take in to consider the needs of the indigenous party which in this case was fairness
  • accountable ; every action they make must have adequate answer form the government
40
Q

What is Wik

A

The Wik Decision is a decision of the Australian High Court[?] in December 1996, following a case brought by the Wik[?] people of Cape York

It concerns only their right of access to the land held under pastoral leases (ie Crown land used - but not owned - by pastoralists for cattle grazing). The court decided (4 judges to 3) that indigenous people who can prove a connection to the land may have rights to hold ceremonies and perform other traditional activities - as long as they don’t interfere with the pastoralists’ legitimate activities.
In other words, pastoral leases do not automatically give exclusive possession to the pastoralist, and therefore do not necessarily extinguish native title

The Wik Decision holds that native title might co-exist on pastoral leases, but the rights of pastoral leaseholders prevail over any inconsistent rights that native title holders might have.

41
Q

Wave Hill Walk

A

23 August 1966
highlighted aboriginal discrimination in society and also brought attention to land rights

It was initially in response to the British Vestey company’s refusal to pay the Gurindji peoples but then Vincent lingiari came along to lead them and had the fundamental goal to return traditional lands

42
Q

Purpose of Australian Constitution

A
  • established Federal System of Gov
  • outlined law making powers
  • structure of Commonwealth parliament (2 chambers, Crown)
  • created high court to resolve disputes
  • outlined basic rights of people by placing restrictions on the law making powers of commonwealth
  • ensured the government system based on principle of representative and responsible gov and separation of powers

Humanities Semester #2 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions