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Civics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the significance of the Balfour Declaration?

A

It announces the British government’s decision to promote the establishment of a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine.

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2
Q

What did the Mandate given to Britain emphasize?

A

The need to preserve the civil and religious rights of non-Jews in the Land of Israel.

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3
Q

What was the outcome of Resolution 181 by the United Nations General Assembly?

A

Decision to establish a Jewish and Arab state within the remaining part of the mandate in Western Israel.

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4
Q

What are the three parts included in the Declaration of Independence?

A
  • Historical part (legitimization)
  • Practical/executive/operative part
  • Declarative part (nature of the state/principles, appeal to various parties).
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5
Q

What are some historical justifications for the establishment of a Jewish state in the Land of Israel?

A
  • Cultural assets shaped by the Jewish people
  • Continuous hope and effort to return to the Land of Israel
  • Necessity highlighted by the Holocaust.
  • Participation in World War II.
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6
Q

What international support justified the establishment of a Jewish state?

A
  • Balfour Declaration
  • Mandate Document
  • UN Resolution on Partition (Resolution 181).
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7
Q

What democratic characteristics are promised in the Declaration of Independence?

A
  • Declaration of democratic institutions
  • Holding elections
  • Establishment of a constitution
  • Equal rights for all citizens regardless of religion, race, or sex.
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8
Q

What is civic nationalism based on?

A

Political foundations: partnership and shared values within a political framework.

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9
Q

True or False: The Nation-State of the Jewish People Basic Law emphasizes the importance of Jewish culture.

A

True.

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10
Q

What does the Fundamentals of Law Act guide courts to rule according to?

A

Principles of freedom, justice, and fairness

Specifically in cases without other primary legislation.

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11
Q

What is the principle of popular rule in democracy?

A

All citizens are the sovereign/source of authority.

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12
Q

What are the five necessary conditions for democratic elections?

A
  • Generality
  • Secrecy
  • Rotation
  • Equality
  • Free competition
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13
Q

What does the term ‘referendum’ refer to?

A

A defined question addressed to the entire electorate/citizens.

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14
Q

What is the blocking percentage in Israel’s electoral system? I’m not sure about this one

A

3.25 percent

Approximately 4 seats needed for representation.

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15
Q

What does the law state regarding minority rights in Israel?

A

Grants equal rights to all citizens regardless of religion, race, or gender.

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16
Q

What does the principle of majority rule imply?

A

The option supported by the majority is chosen/accepted.

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17
Q

What is the conflict of rights?

A

Conflict between a right and a public interest.

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18
Q

Fill in the blank: The law prohibits discrimination in employment on the basis of _______.

A

[nationality or religion]

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19
Q

What does the state mobilization for the benefit of Jews in distress include?

A

Punishment for harming a Jew based on their Jewishness, even outside Israel.

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20
Q

What is the status of minorities in Israel regarding cultural expression?

A

Broad possibility for cultural and religious expression in the public sphere.

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21
Q

What is generally forbidden in decision-making processes?

A

To make decisions that unreasonably/unjustifiably violate fundamental rights

This includes the rights of minorities.

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22
Q

What does the abuse of the principle of majority decision refer to?

A

A decision made based on the largest number of votes among those participating in the vote or a predetermined percentage/number of all those with the right to vote

It highlights the potential for majority rule to infringe upon minority rights.

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23
Q

Define human and civil rights.

A

A moral-political concept that describes fundamental rights granted to every person as a person

These rights are viewed as natural and not granted by the government.

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24
Q

List common natural rights.

A
  • Life and security
  • Property
  • Liberty
  • Equality
  • Dignity
  • Due process of law
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25
What is required when rights conflict in a democratic society?
A reasonable balance between the rights/proportionate infringement of the right is required ## Footnote This reflects the relative nature of rights.
26
What are the basic justifiable grounds for restricting a person's rights?
When their exercise harms the rights of others or the public interest
27
Fill in the blank: Every person has the right to _______.
live/decide/do/act/abstain from acting/choose/shape their personality according to their free will.
28
What freedoms are derived from the right to liberty?
* Freedom of expression * Freedom of thought and conscience * Freedom of movement * Freedom of occupation * Freedom of religion * Freedom from religion
29
True or False: Every person has the right to express their opinions in any way.
True
30
What is the right to equality?
Every person has the right to equality before the law and political equality ## Footnote This encompasses both narrow and broad senses of equality.
31
What does wrongful discrimination entail?
Granting different treatment to people without a justifiable reason, particularly due to identity or external characteristics.
32
What is the state's duty regarding life and personal security?
To protect all people living within its territory from harm to their life or body.
33
What is the principle of limitation of power?
The government possesses means that give it great power, which must be limited to prevent abuse ## Footnote Examples include economic and enforcement mechanisms.
34
What is the purpose of separation of powers?
To limit government power and prevent the concentration of power in one governing body.
35
What is the principle of the rule of law?
A system of fundamental norms and values formulated in a founding document with legal supremacy over ordinary legislation.
36
What are emergency regulations?
Regulations established by the government during a state of emergency that can override provisions of law.
37
What is administrative detention?
Immediate preventive detention without regular criminal proceedings ## Footnote It is subject to criticism due to severe violations of rights.
38
What is defensive democracy?
The right of democracy to defend itself against threats to its principles and character.
39
What are political rights?
Rights related to participation in the political framework, such as the right to vote and be elected.
40
What are collective rights?
Rights granted to ethnic-cultural groups/national minorities, expressed in areas like language, education, and culture.
41
List components of fair working conditions.
* Setting a minimum wage * Limiting number of working hours * Ensuring equal pay for equal work * Providing vacation days * Protection against arbitrary dismissals
42
What is the legal status of the Declaration of Independence in Israel?
The Declaration of Independence does not have binding legal status but is a central source for the interpretation of other laws. ## Footnote (I don't know if it's true) Courts refer to it when interpreting laws as long as it does not contradict existing laws.
43
What amendment strengthened the legal status of the Declaration of Independence?
An amendment to the Basic Laws states that they shall be respected in the spirit of the principles contained in the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel. ## Footnote The prevailing approach maintains its status as a source of legal interpretation only.
44
What was MK Harari's proposal regarding the constitution?
The Knesset will enact basic laws in stages as the basis for the constitution. ## Footnote Upon completion, these laws will be united into a constitutional rule.
45
What are the two main considerations supporters have for enacting a constitution in Israel?
* It is stated in the Declaration of Independence * A constitution helps protect human rights in a democratic state
46
What are the main considerations opponents have against enacting a constitution in Israel?
* Religious parties oppose it not being in the spirit of Jewish law * A constitution should be adopted by broad consensus, which does not exist * Security circumstances require emergency powers that could be undermined by a liberal constitution
47
What are the basic rights of man listed in Israeli Basic Laws?
* The right to life and bodily integrity * The right to property * The right to dignity and privacy * Freedom of movement
48
What is the limitation clause in the Basic Laws of Israel?
A law contradicting rights in the Basic Law can only be enacted if it is appropriate to the values of the State of Israel and intended for a proper purpose. ## Footnote Additionally, it must violate the right in a proportional manner.
49
What is the overriding clause in the Basic Laws of Israel?
The Knesset may enact a law contradicting this law for a limited period without meeting the conditions of the limitation clause.
50
What is the role of the Knesset in the Israeli government?
The Knesset is responsible for forming a government, representing citizens, legislation, supervision and audit, and appointing office bearers. ## Footnote It is the legislative authority in Israel.
51
How many members are in the Knesset?
The Knesset has 120 members.
52
What is the process for a vote of no confidence in the Israeli government?
A vote of no confidence is accepted when a majority of 61 MKs express support for an alternative candidate to serve as Prime Minister.
53
What is the significance of the State Budget Law in Israel?
It determines the state budget for one year, and failure to approve it is tantamount to a vote of no confidence in the government.
54
What is the executive branch responsible for in Israel?
The executive branch is responsible for setting policy and its implementation in all areas of life in the country.
55
What does the term 'narrow coalition' refer to in Israeli politics?
A coalition based on a small majority of Knesset members.
56
What does the term 'broad coalition' refer to in Israeli politics?
A coalition based on a relatively large majority of Knesset members.
57
True or False: The Knesset can only enact laws that do not contradict primary legislation.
True
58
What is the role of the executive branch regarding authorization?
The executive branch is authorized to act only in areas in which it has been authorized to engage ## Footnote Human rights should not be violated by virtue of residual authority, making authorization necessary.
59
What types of legislation can be made by the executive authority?
Legislation made by the executive authority includes: * Orders * Regulations * Municipal bylaws ## Footnote These are designed to enable the implementation of the law and promote its goals.
60
What is the relationship between primary and secondary legislation?
Secondary legislation may not contradict primary legislation.
61
What is the purpose of emergency regulations established by the government?
Emergency regulations are established for: * State defense * Security * Accumulation and maintenance of essential supplies and services ## Footnote They can override provisions of law, except for immune laws.
62
Under what condition can emergency regulations be established according to Israeli law?
Emergency regulations can only be installed when a state of emergency is declared by the Knesset.
63
What is the responsibility of every minister in the government?
Every minister is responsible for all government decisions, even if they opposed the decision.
64
What is the nature of ministerial responsibility?
Ministerial responsibility is public and not legal.
65
What happens if a minister does not submit an appeal to the government plenum?
The committee's decision will be considered the decision of the entire government.
66
Name two permanent ministerial committees.
Two permanent ministerial committees are: * Ministerial Committee for Security Affairs * Ministerial Committee for Economic Affairs
67
What is the judiciary responsible for?
The judiciary decides disputes between citizens and government authorities and supervises the legality of actions.
68
What is judicial review?
Judicial review is the authority to supervise the legislative branch in accordance with Basic Laws.
69
What principle ensures the realization of the right to a fair trial?
The principle of the rule of law.
70
What is the distinction between criminal law and civil law?
Criminal law deals with offenses against the law and includes punishment, while civil law deals with disputes between individuals without punishment.
71
What is the role of the Supreme Court?
The Supreme Court serves as the highest appeal authority and functions as a High Court for citizens suing the state.
72
What is a Conditional Order in the context of the High Court?
A Conditional Order is an order by the High Court requiring the respondent authority to present its position regarding a petition.
73
What has been a criticism of the judicial system in Israel?
The judicial system has criticized the legislative and executive branches, particularly through invalidating laws that contradict Basic laws.
74
What is the significance of the Constitutional Revolution in Israel?
The Constitutional Revolution has led to public-value debates regarding diversity and the judiciary's role in government actions.

Ai Civics (1 decks)

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