Civic Participation and Skills Flashcards
What is impoundment?
Refusal by the president to spend funds allocated for a specific purpose by Congress.
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Who was the first president to use the power of impoundment?
President Thomas Jefferson in 1803.
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What event led President Jefferson to refuse spending $50,000 on gunboats?
The signing of the Louisiana Purchase.
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What action did President Nixon take regarding the Clean Water Act?
He vetoed the bill but Congress overrode his veto.
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What did the Impoundment Control Act of 1974 require from the president?
To submit a request to Congress to reduce funding instead of impounding funds unilaterally.
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What happens if Congress does not approve the president’s request to reduce funding within 45 days?
The amount of funds being impounded must be disbursed by the president.
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What was the outcome of the Supreme Court case Train v. City of New York?
The president could not impound funds lawfully allocated by Congress.
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What type of information can be found in a scholarly journal article about President Jefferson’s use of impoundment?
Expert research about the events.
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What is a factor that contributes to the credibility of a report?
Qualifications of the writers of the report.
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What process is represented when legislators meet with party members prior to a vote?
Consensus building.
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A group of citizens wants to persuade a city mayor to add bike lanes along the side of roads.
Select all of the statements the group of citizens can use to persuade the mayor.
- The idea of adding bike lanes requires further investigation. Bike lanes may decrease the revenue of the city’s bus system.
- Bike lanes in other cities have increased commuting times for drivers.
- Bike lanes reduce vehicle crashes and make sidewalks more pedestrian friendly.
- As an alternative to car travel, bike lanes may help reduce vehicle emissions in the city.
- Bike lanes reduce vehicle crashes and make sidewalks more pedestrian friendly.
- As an alternative to car travel, bike lanes may help reduce vehicle emissions in the city.
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What factor should be considered when evaluating the credibility of a study on housing development’s impact on wildlife?
Possible biases of the sponsoring organization.
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Sanjay is reading a new book on Congress to see if it will work as a source for his report on the legislative branch.
*Asha Torres is the best-selling author of To Counteract Ambition: The Fights of the Founding Founders. She proudly passed out flyers for her father’s school board campaign at age 16. After she graduated from college, she worked for the governor as an administrative assistant. She represented Ohio’s 20th district inCongress from 2003 to 2015. She is now the head of the political science department at State University. She lives with her family in Youngstown. You can sign up for her current events newsletter to read her opinion on the latest news from Washington. *
Which two sentences indicate the author’s credibility in a biographical context?
- She represented Ohio’s 20th district in Congress from 2003 to 2015.
- She is now the head of the political science department at State University.
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An excerpt from an editorial addressed to President Lincoln is shown.
*Horace Greeley, Editor, “The Prayer of Twenty Millions,”
New York Tribune, August 20, 1862
To ABRAHAM LINCOLN,
President of the United States …
VII. Let me call your attention to the recent tragedy in New Orleans, whereof the facts are obtained entirely through Pro-Slavery channels. A considerable body of resolute, able- bodied men, held in Slavery by two Rebel sugar-planters in defiance of the Confiscation Act which you have approved, left plantations … made their way safely and quietly through thirty miles of Rebel territory, expecting to find freedom under the protection of our flag. … [T]hey reasoned logically that we could not [turn them away] for deserting the service of
their lifelong oppressors, who had through treason become our implacable enemies. They came to us for liberty and protection, for which they were willing to render their best service: they were met with hostility, captivity, and [worse]. … They were set upon and maimed, captured and [harmed], because they sought the benefit of that act of Congress which they may not specifically have heard of. … They sought their liberty in strict accordance with the law of the land. …
IX. I close as I began with the statement that what an immense majority of the Loyal Millions of your countrymen require of you is a frank, declared, unqualified, ungrudging execution of the laws of the land, more especially of the Confiscation Act. That Act gives freedom to the slaves of Rebels coming within our lines, or whom those lines may at any time inclose―we ask you to render it due obedience by publicly requiring all your subordinates to recognize and obey it. … We must have scouts, guides, spies, cooks, teamsters, diggers and choppers from the Blacks of the South, whether we allow them to fight for us or not, or we shall be baffled and repelled.*
Part A: What perspective does the author express in the editorial addressed to President Lincoln?
Part B: Give a factor that provides credibility to the perspective you identified in Part A?
PART A: The rule of law has been ignored, so the President must act to ensure it is fully observed.
PART B: Use of detailed supporting evidence.
Identify the 2 sentences that could be categorized as consensus building.
- To rally support among both group A and group B supporters.
- In addition, group A ran an extensive grassroots campaign to encourage widespread support from across the state.
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A city government is holding a vote to decide whether to construct a new airport on city land. An undecided voter has gathered several sources of information about the proposed airport to help her decide how to vote.
What source of information is both credible and relevant regarding a proposed airport?
- a guide to identifying aircraft released by the Federal Aviation Administration
- a website where residents of the city post their opinions about the possible construction of the airport
- a brochure published by the airport’s developers promoting the economic benefits of building the airport
- a report on the environmental impact of the airport authored by a group of scientists and urban planners
Give three reasons why the source that you chose in Part A is credible and relevant.
A report on the environmental impact of the airport authored by a group of scientists and urban planners.
- It presents objective facts related to the issue.
- It is focused on the specific issue under consideration.
- It is written by people who have expertise on the issue.
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A local, abandoned factory has been demolished and the land has been prepared for redevelopment. People disagree about what should replace the old factory on the vacant lot. Some propose a plan to construct a building combining apartments with
ground-floor retail, and others want to build a large park. The final resolution featured a smaller building with a small park.
What kind of solution is represented by the final resolution regarding the redevelopment of the factory site?
A compromise solution.
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A local, abandoned factory has been demolished and the land has been prepared for redevelopment. People disagree about what should replace the old factory on the vacant lot. Some propose a plan to construct a building combining apartments with
ground-floor retail, and others want to build a large park. The final resolution featured a smaller building with a small park.
What type of solution does the outcome of constructing a smaller building with a small park represent?
arbitration compromise
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Ohio’s General Assembly is considering a proposal to expand the state highway system and is listening to presentations about the topic. One concerned citizen who opposes the proposal gives a presentation that describes the potential consequences of the expansion. Another citizen who supports the proposal gives a presentation that describes the potential benefits of the expansion.
What conflict resolution process is being used by citizens presenting opposing views on the highway expansion?
persuasion
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A business group wants its city to finance construction of a new airport. The city commissioners and some citizens feel that a new airport will be too expensive and that the proposed site is too close to an old city neighborhood with many low-income residents. The business leaders supporting the new airport can take a number of different approaches to get it built.
Identify all four approaches that represent the democratic processes of compromise, consensus building, negotiation, and persuasion.
Identify the four approaches representing democratic processes in the context of airport construction.
- Make a concession to their opponents by offering to build the airport in a different location in the city
- Hold neighborhood meetings to discuss how to address the concerns residents have about the new airport
- Run commercials explaining how the cost of the airport will be offset by the economic benefits that it will bring
- Bring people on both sides of the issue together to try to settle their differences through discussion
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What do compromise, persuasion, negotiation, and consensus building all have in common?
All of them are nonviolent methods of conflict resolution
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Which statement describes consensus building?
Both parties search for common ground or areas of mutual agreement in order to solve a conflict
Consensus building focuses on finding shared interests between conflicting parties.
What factor contributes to the credibility of the report published by the panel studying downtown parking?
the qualifications of the contributors to the report
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Citizens must choose between a plan to build a new city auditorium or a plan to restore the old one. Supporters of the new auditorium claim that building a new auditorium would be more economical than restoring the old one.
In evaluating the credibility of the claim that building a new auditorium is more economical, citizens should pay particular attention to ???.
the projected cost data provided by architects and accountants
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The president wants to sign a treaty that will lower trade barriers and increase free trade between the United States and other countries. The U.S. Senate must approve the treaty by a two-thirds vote. Several senators are concerned that the treaty will hurt American workers by increasing unemployment.
What action could the president take to gain Senate approval of a treaty that is an example of compromise?
The president modifies the treaty to address the concerns of the senators
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The president wants to sign a treaty that will lower trade barriers and increase free trade between the United States and other countries. The U.S. Senate must approve the treaty by a two-thirds vote. Several senators are concerned that the treaty will hurt American workers by increasing unemployment.
What action could the president take to gain Senate approval of a treaty that is an example of persuasion?
The president meets with individual senators to explain the potential economic benefits of the treaty
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The president wants to sign a treaty that will lower trade barriers and increase free trade between the United States and other countries. The U.S. Senate must approve the treaty by a two-thirds vote. Several senators are concerned that the treaty will hurt American workers by increasing unemployment.
What action could the president take to gain Senate approval of a treaty that is an example of consensus building?
The president meets with a group of senators to discuss aspects of the treaty on which they all agree
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A student is writing a research paper about impoundment. She is searching for sources of information about the events in the time line.
identify the type of information that could be found for the source listed.
An article in a scholarly journal about President Jefferson’s use of impoundment
Expert research about the events
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A student is writing a research paper about impoundment. She is searching for sources of information about the events in the time line.
identify the type of information that could be found for the source listed.
A record of the testimony in the Supreme Court case Train v. City of New York
Specific facts about the events
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A student is writing a research paper about impoundment. She is searching for sources of information about the events in the time line.
identify the type of information that could be found for the source listed.
The record of the vote to override President Nixon’s veto of the Clean Water Act
Specific facts about the events
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A student is writing a research paper about impoundment. She is searching for sources of information about the events in the time line.
identify the type of information that could be found for the source listed.
An editorial article written by a lawmaker about the Impoundment Control Act of 1974
Opinions of people at the time of the events
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