CIV BR : POP AND SOCIAL CLASS Flashcards
GB : Population Growth : From the Domesday Book to 1700
11th Cty : 1.5/1.75 million
mid 14th Cty: 3 million
End of the 17th Cty : 5.5 million
The 18th century - consistent growth
( numbers evolution)
6.7 million in 1760 to 8.8 million in 1801 ( fst census )
The 19 century : population explosion why and until when ?
the birth rate continued to rise until about 1875
> > massive rise in economic activity»_space; average age of marriage 30 to 23 years
Number of pop in 1921 and children/death rate in beg 19th ?
1921: 44 million
30/1000 children in 1901 > 16/1000 chld in 1931
16/1000 death rate in 1931
So pop decline
pop growth 1942-64 and associated with ?
Population decline halted by “ baby bulges “ of 1942/47 and 1955/64 .
Associated with a decline in infant mortality + revival of early marriages + welfare state
The 21st century - faster growth (population and change why ?)
pop 3rd largest in the EU
fastest growing with a 0.6% annual increase
BC nat change + net migration (343 mk in 2015 / 226mk in 2019 )
Pop growth 1900/1942 reasons ?
Bc incresed consumerism / emergence of leisure / changing spiritual and social perspectives = new family form helped control the rapid population growth
Why pop increase end of the 18th Cty and 19th Cty ?
population stronger and better diet + communications revolution + better quality clothing and hygiene + buyant economic atmosphere encouraged earlier marriage
> > lower death rate / birth death bc improvements in medical knowledge
Where was the most populat area of Britain in 1700 ?
In the south (line Worcestershire to Norfolk)
What were the biggest towns outside London in 1700 ?
Bristol 40k / Norwich 28k / York 12k
How the center of gravity of the population shift during the 19th centuries ?
From the south and east to the midlands and north
(Birmingham / Sth Wales / Sth Lancashire )
Gravity of the pop shift associated with in 19th Cty ? (eco)
Rise of heavy industry and textile trade relied on steam for its source of power .
New towns become metropolises with this textile industry ?
Birmingham / Wolverhampton / Manchester / Leeds / Bradford / Huddersfield
Turn of the 19th Cty , drift to the Nth countered by :
- diminushing importance of coal
- new light engineering firms began etablished themselved place better suited to their market
Where was the new sunrise industries of the late 1920’s and 1930’s and why ?
In the home countries area of the South East of England (1/3 of BR pop )
BC good communication and proximity London/EU
England pop now
56 million
Scotland pop now
5.5 million
Wales pop now
3.1 million
Northern Ireland pop now
1.8 million
3 most populated urban area now
Greater London (9.8 mili )
Greater Manchester (2.5 mili )
Birmingham/West Midlands coonurbation ( 2.3 mili )
White and minorities percent now
81% white british pop (decrease)
14 % ethnic minorities (increase)
Proportion of britain pop over 65 between 1945 and now :
5% to 18 %
ratio who those in work will have to generate enough out-put to support the aging pop ?
“Old age Dependency Ratio “ (OADR)
Why life expectancy continues to track inequality ?
25-year gap between the wealthiest and the poorest in society
immigrants 16th and 17th Cty
Dutch and Flemish after the outbreak of anti-protestant persecution . (40k in 1685)
Immigants start of the 19th Cty
Irish immigrants who where fleeing famine and hunger.
Immigrants in the 1930’s
People who fled Nazi persecution
Immigrants : period after 1951
Immigration reach a peak with the large net inflows of mainly Indian , Pakistani , East and West African and West Indian immigrants .
George Orwell on Britain and social class
“most class-ridden country under the sun”
E.P Thompson two separate strands in the formation of class ( early 19th )
“conditionning and agencing “
-by the changes in society and economy
-shared experience of struggle which finds strenght in a common unity
middle class turn at the 18th ( number of functions )
tenant farmers /lawyers/doctors/clergy/journalist
19th century population numbers
1861: 29 million
1881 : 35 million
quote about pop explosion in 19th Cty
” one of the most dramatic demographic movements of this millennium “
1951 and 1981 population ?
1951: 50 million
1981 : 56 million
pop growth since mid 1960’s and why ?
Since mid 1960’s»_space; pop has levelled off and growth has been slow down
BC»_space; “modernization”
Ex in London showing that life expectancy is link with wealth
Ex: women in whealty Richmond , West London living to an average of 72y / women in poorer Tower Hamlets 54y .
Part of population born abroad now ? And who ?
14% of UK pop born abroad (Polish residents 831mk /India 795mk)
By who was governed Britain up to the last quarter of the 19th Cty ?
It’s landed aristocracy
Who was the landed aristocracy ?
Men of substantial wealth whose power derived from hereditary primogeniture and the ownership of land .
By what aristocratic power began to be replace in the late 19th Cty ?
Plutocracy - the rule of the wealthy
4 Factors of decline for aristocracy :
-expansion of the electorate (1885)
-rise of organised political parties
-Land Acts
-confrontation btw Lloyd George and the HofLd in 1909/10
How call we the new class that becoming after the “embourgeoisement” of 1950/60’s ?
“new working class” become “ middle class” in cultural and political behaviour
In what year began the end of social mobility and the freezing of class differences ?
1979
In what class have we more geographical variation in accent and dialect ?
The lower social classes
Percent of schoool-leaving pop moving in higher education today and in 1970 ?
38% against 10% in 1970
For pessimist what are the claims to social justice and equal opportunity ?
They are mere rhetoric
