Citric acid cycle 3 Flashcards
what is the main storage of fat
triacylglycerols
oxidation of glycerol step 1
glycerol converted to glycerol-3-phosphate
catalysed by glycerol kinase
ATP hydrolysed
oxidation of glycerol step 2
glycerol-3-phosphate oxidised to DHAP by glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
NAD+—>NADH+H+
name for process of breaking down fatty acids
beta oxidation
amino acid oxidation
transamination of an amino acid can produce a molecule in the citric acid cycle
transamination of alanine
produces pyruvate
transamination of aspartic acid
produces oxaloacetate that combines with acetyl group to form citrate (CAC)
where does regulation of the CAC mainly occur in eukaryotes
enzymes in the first half of the cycle
regulation of PDHC
allosteric regulation
ATP, acetyl CoA and NADH have a negative regulatory effect on PDHC
AMP, CoA and NAD+ activate the complex
is phosphorylated PDHC active or inactive
inactive
requires ATP, kinase
regulation of kinase
inhibited by the substrates
activated by products
Ca2+ inhibit kinase
regulation of phosphatase
stimulated by insulin (signals more carb in body)
Ca2+ activate phosphatase (as more calcium ions during exercise=more ATP needed)
what is the main regulator of CAC
the ratio of NAD+ to NADH
lack of NAD+ can limit dehydrogenation enzymes
citrate levels
low citrate levels limit citrate synthase
regulation of isocitrate dehydrogenase
allosterically activated by ADP
allosterically inhibited by NADH and ATP
stimulated by calcium ions
