Citizenship (9) Flashcards
What did T.H. Marshall theorize? (4)
Saw in British society that citizenship was stratified in a class system
Saw rights as citizenship and passive citizenship
A full expression of rights requires a liberal democratic welfare state which can guarantee civil, political and social rights to its membership
Believed that there are som fundamental rights that no matter what or who you are, all citizens are entitled to
What are Marshall’s 3 components of social citizenship?
- Civil - rights necessary for individual freedom (like freedom of speech)
- Political - rights necessary for political action (suffrage)
- Social - rights necessary for general welfare (basic economic security)
What does Marshall’s idea of social citizenship bring into question? (3)
What do you need to give in order to get?
Should there be things that everyone is entitled to just by being a living member of society (passive citizenship) or should people have to work and participate to gain rights (obligatory participation)?
Problem is that not everyone had the ability to participate (can’t afford to do many things) and should rich people who participate more get more rights?
Why is social citizenship essential to society? (2)
If people aren’t given certain rights by society, they aren’t going to participate which is going to cause society to fall and step back to watch it burn in revenge
People need certain rights to be a part of democracy and society needs democracy to function
What is the New Right? (3)
People who deny what Marshall says and believes that people should have to work and participate in society to get certain rights (work for welfare)
Says if you give people things, they won’t work for it (passive citizenship kills initiative)
Mainly composed of wealthy people who didn’t work for their money expect being born to wealthy parents
What does the New Right says about citizenship automatically conveying a set of basic rights? (3)
The consumer citizen is seen as capable of entering responsible relations with state services while those relying on programs like welfare conflict with individual aspirations of each citizen
We all have legal equality (supposedly) and state should keep out of the rest of society
States that if everyone starts at the same line, it will be an equal race (not true)
How are identity, citizenship and legitimate inequality related? (2)
Citizenship characterized by membership of a single culture may lead to exclusive and unjust ends
Historically, social policy focused upon providing social rights to male citizens (the promotion of gentlemen in the UK where they turned poor white men into gentlemen)
What is citizenship? (3)
A legal concept of rights supported by law
Also a cultural concept (being Canadian comes along with Canadian values)
Often there’s tension between legal and cultural aspects of citizenship, often falling back on legal citizenship to protect our illusion of cultural citizenship
What is differentiated citizenship?
Members of certain groups would be incorporated into the political community both as individuals and group members, through the adoption of group specific poly ethnic, representation or self government rights
What are the three examples of differentiated citizenship?
- Special representation rights for disadvantaged groups
- Multicultural rights for immigrants or religious groups
- Self-government rights for national minorities
