Citizenship Flashcards
what is Citizenship?
‘a set of social processes in which individuals and social groups negotiate, claim and practice not only rights, responsibilities and duties but also a sense of belonging that enables full participation within a multiplicity of communities.’ (Goodwin, 2014)
what has citizenship previously been understood as?
the rights allowed by nation state
3 key dimensions of citizenship?
civil rights
political rights
social rights
what are civil rights and give example?
protection and freedom of individuals,
the state can enforce protections such as the Uk’s 2010 equality act to prevent key human rights for citizens from being infringed upon.
what are political rights? give example
those with citizenship are able to participate in the government of society,
e.g. ability to vote in elections.
2 ways citizenship fosters exclusion?
de jure citizenship (through legal frameworks)
Citizenship de facto (the way that legal frameworks are enacted in society)
Valentine and Skelton’s (2003)
Deaf experience can demonstrate the complexity of inclusion , exclusion and citizenship
Legally in the UK deaf people have the same right to vote as hearing people
has been argued that they are prevented from exercising these rights in practice due to an inability to participate in discussions and debates that form a large part of the political process.
Where citizenship has sought to promote inclusion of deaf people though legality the social landscape prevents feeling fully considered as citizens, thus citizenship can exist as exclusionary and inclusionary simultaneously
Painter and Phillo’s (1995)
spatiality’s of citizenship
citizenship should mean the ability to occupy public space in the every day that doesn’t compromise self identity let alone harme them more materially
what does the migrant experience show about citizenship?
Labour of migrant workers is accepted by a nation-state as valuable however make gaining legal citizenship extremely difficult and often unachievable
included in de facto but not de jure
explain relationship between citizenship and power
not left to chance
nation state has the power to assign and moderate legal inclusion and exclusion based on social class, gender, ethnicity etc
citizenship can be assigned in order to fit with political agendas
can be granted based on gaps in the labour market
citizenship can be granted based on gaps in the labour market - give example of this
nations people with certain careers such as teachers or doctors will find it easier to gain citizenship than those whose careers are not in high demand.
eg Australia
ensure to continuous growth of the economy.
citizenship can be assigned in order to fit with political agendas - give example
in Israel Jews across the world have the right to claim citizenship based on their religion, this is a geopolitical strategy employed to maintain a demographically Jewish majority that prevents potential shifts in political leadership (Gallaher, 2012)
how has citizenship become more flexible?
in some countries can have dual citizenship
eg. Canada one of the first to grant this
The gay experience of citizenship
- ability to claim citizenship varies on where you are in the world
the restricted geographical freedom offers the chance for reconstituted citizenship in forms of alternative or underground spaces
creation of gay neighbourhoods = deliberate congregation
eg. soho London fosters a sense of community, creation of belonging and sense of identity (create new citizenship)
what is insurgent citizenship?
concept of citizenship as the forcible opposition to lawful authority and seeks to disrupt the operations of the state
relies on direct action as a means of claiming citizenship
use invented spaces of action to create own opportunities
Insurgent citizenship reference name and date
Holston (1999)
define cosmopolitan citizenship
transcendence from state boundaries
role of intergovernmental organisations - UN, EU
Centre around a form of ‘global citizenship’
what might insurgent and cosmopolitan citizenship tell us about citizenship as an ideal?
that it is a flexible and changing concept
changes dependent on space and time
citizenship relationship with territory compared to nationalisms ?
nationalism is often seen as territorial — e.g. is tied to particular territory,
citizenship can be extra-territorial (e.g. exceed the territory of the nation-state)
